Directory

1630 CE

Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War begins when King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, leading an army of 13,000 on the Protestant side, makes landfall at Peenemünde, Pomerania. Thirty Years' War: Stettin is taken by Swedish forces. Sinhalese–Portuguese War: In the Battle of Randeniwela on the island of Sri Lanka, King Senarat of Kandy leads more than 35,000 troops in killing most of an attack force led by Portuguese Ceylon governor Constantino de Sá de Noronha.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 3 – A fleet sent by the Dutch West India Company captures Recife from the Portuguese, establishing Dutch Brazil.source
  • March – Fedorovych Uprising: Zaporozhian Cossacks rebel against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and occupy a large part of modern-day Ukraine. After a number of indecisive skirmishes with a Polish army sent to pacify the region, the Treaty of Pereyaslav is signed, ending the uprising.source
  • June 12 – Massachusetts Bay Colony is founded, with John Winthrop as governor.source
  • July 6 – The Success, last ship of the Winthrop Fleet, lands safely at Salem harbor, Massachusetts Bay Colony.source
  • July 24 – The Sibbald baronets British nobility title is created.source
  • September 4 – Thirty Years' War: the Treaty of Stettin is signed by Sweden and the Duchy of Pomerania, forming a close alliance between them, as well as giving Sweden full military control over Pomerania.source
  • September 7 – Governor John Winthrop passes a resolution declaring "that Trimontaine" on Shawmut peninsula shall be called Boston from now on.source
  • September 17 (September 7 Old Style) – The settlement of Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony is founded.source
  • October 13 – War of the Mantuan Succession: the Peace of Regensburg is signed. Charles Gonzaga is confirmed as Duke of Mantua.source

Conflict & Security

  • January 5 – A team of Portuguese military advisers to China's Ming dynasty government arrive at Zhuozhou. Led by Gonçalo Teixeira Corrêa, and accompanied by interpreter João Rodrigues, the group begins training the troops of Governor Sun Yuanhua in using modern cannons.source
  • May 4 – In an invasion of Persia, Ottoman Empire Grand Vizier Gazi Hüsrev Pasha routs the Persians in a battle at Mahidasht near Kermanshah.source
  • May 25 – Fedorovych uprising: The Zaporozhian Cossacks, led by Taras Triasylo, defeat Polish and Lithuanian troops led by General Stanisław Koniecpolski near Pereiaslav. The battle is later the subject of the Ukrainian language poem Tarasova nich.source
  • May 29 – The Battle of Villabuona is fought in Italy at Lombardy, with more than 4,000 French and Venetian troops killed in an attack by Matthias Gallas of the Holy Roman Empire's army.source
  • July 6 – Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War begins when King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, leading an army of 13,000 on the Protestant side, makes landfall at Peenemünde, Pomerania.source
  • July 9 – Thirty Years' War: Stettin is taken by Swedish forces.source
  • July 18 – War of the Mantuan Succession: Mantua is sacked by an army of the Holy Roman Empire, led by Count Johann von Aldringen.source
  • August 13 – Thirty Years' War: As a result of heavy pressure from the Prince-electors, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, dismisses general Albrecht von Wallenstein from command of the Imperial Army.source
  • August 25 – Sinhalese–Portuguese War: In the Battle of Randeniwela on the island of Sri Lanka, King Senarat of Kandy leads more than 35,000 troops in killing most of an attack force led by Portuguese Ceylon governor Constantino de Sá de Noronha.source
  • November 10 – Day of the Dupes: Marie de' Medici attempts to oust Cardinal Richelieu from the French Court, but fails after two days.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • February 22 – Native American Quadequine introduces popcorn to English colonists.source
  • April 8 – Puritan migration to New England (1620-1640): Winthrop Fleet – The ship Arbella and three others set sail from the Solent in England, with 400 passengers under the leadership of John Winthrop, headed for the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America; seven more, with another 300 aboard, follow in the next few weeks.source
  • June 6 – Swedish warships depart from Stockholm, Sweden for Central Europe.source
  • June 14 – Passengers of the Arbella, including Anne Bradstreet, America's first poet of significance, finally set foot in the New World at Salem, Massachusetts.source
  • September 24 – The first ship of de Sauce's emigrants arrive at Southampton Hundred, on the James River in Virginia.source
  • Settlers leave Pannaway Plantation and begin to settle in Strawbery Banke which in 1653 is renamed Portsmouth, New Hampshire.source
  • Paramaribo (in modern-day Suriname) is first settled by the English.source

Religion & Belief

  • January 11 – Otto III and his brother William Augustus, both, Dukes of Brunswick-Harburg, sell their rights to inherit rule of Brunswick-Lüneburg to Prince Christian in return for their debts of more than 150,000 thaler being paid.source
  • June 4 – Scottish-born Presbyterian (and former physician) Alexander Leighton is brought before Archbishop William Laud's Star Chamber court in London for publishing the seditious pamphlet An Appeale to the Parliament, or, Sions Plea Against the Prelacy, an attack on Anglican bishops (printed in the Netherlands, 1628). He is sentenced to be pilloried and whipped, have his ears cropped, one side of his nose slit, and his face branded with "SS" (for "sower of sedition"), to be imprisoned, and be degraded from holy orders.source
  • July 30 – John Winthrop helps in founding a church in Massachusetts, which will later become known as First Church in Boston.source
  • December 3 – (28 Rabi II 1040 AH) Abd Allah ibn Hasan is selected as the new Emir of Mecca after the death from tuberculosis of Mas'ud ibn Idris.source
  • In the Mughal Empire, Shah Jahan's Pearl Mosque at Lahore Fort is consecrated (completed 1635).source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • The central square of Covent Garden in London is laid out, and a market begins to develop there.source

Science & Discovery

  • May 17 – Italian astronomers Niccolò Zucchi and Daniello Bartoli become the first scientists to observe the belts on the planet Jupiter.source

Health & Medicine

  • January 2 – A shoemaker in Turin is found to have the first case of bubonic plague there as the plague of 1630 begins spreading through Italy.source
  • May 17 – The first case of plague is reported in Milan. By the end of 1631, the city of 250,000 suffers 186,000 deaths, losing almost three-quarters of its population to plague.source
  • July – The Italian plague of 1629–31 reaches Venice.source

Crime & Justice

  • January 13 – In China, General Yuan Chonghuan is invited to an audience with the Chongzhen Emperor and is arrested on charges of collusion with the enemy. Yuan is executed by the slow death on September 22.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • October 18 – Frendraught Castle in Scotland, the home of James Crichton of Frendraught, burns down.source

Climate & Environment

  • March 9 – The 1630 Crete earthquake occurs.source
  • The Deccan Famine of 1630–32 in India begins; it will kill some two million.source

Culture & Society

  • May 20 – The Swedish National Heritage Board (Riksantikvarieämbetet) is created, with Johannes Bureus as its first director. The Board is still in existence almost 400 years later.source
  • October 17 – Empress Meishō's Coronation takes place.source
  • Johann Heinrich Alsted's Encyclopaedia septem tomis distincta is published.source

Births

  • January 16 – Guru Har Rai, Sikh guru (d. 1661)source
  • February 8 – Pierre Daniel Huet, French churchman and scholar (d. 1721)source
  • May 6 – Johan Hadorph, Swedish director-general of the Central Board of National Antiquities (d. 1693)source
  • June 7 – John Talbot of Lacock, English politician and general (d. 1714)source
  • June 24 – Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, English politician (d. 1691)source
  • July 22 – Madame de Brinvilliers, French murderer (d. 1676)source
  • August 1 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English statesman (d. 1673)source
  • August 2 – Estephan El Douaihy, Lebanese Maronite Patriarch, historian (d. 1704)source
  • August 20 or August 27 – Maria van Oosterwijck, Dutch Golden Age painter (d. 1693)source
  • August 22 – Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges, French noble, soldier (d. 1702)source
  • October – John Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1694)source
  • November 17 – Hachisuka Mitsutaka, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Tokushima Domain (d. 1666)source
  • November 18 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Queen consort of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1686)source
  • December 16 – Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort, British botanist (d. 1715)source

Deaths

  • April 10 – William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English noble, courtier and patron of the arts (b. 1580)source
  • April 17 – Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1568)source
  • April 19 – Anne Howard, Countess of Arundel, English countess and poet (b. 1557)source
  • April 29 – Agrippa d'Aubigné, French poet and soldier (b. 1552)source
  • May 30 – Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland, English noble (b. 1584)source
  • August 11 – Thomas Walsingham, English spymaster (b. 1561)source
  • September 5 – Nicolaus Mulerius, Dutch astronomer and medical academic (b. 1564)source
  • September 17 – Thomas Lake, English statesman (b. 1567)source
  • September 18 – Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman (b. 1552)source
  • September 22 – Yuan Chonghuan, Chinese politician, military general and writer (b. 1584)source
  • September 25 – Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases, Italian general (b. 1569)source
  • October 22 – Jerónima de la Asunción, Spanish founder of the Monastery of Santa Clara (b. 1555)source
  • November 9 – Tōdō Takatora, Japanese daimyo (b. 1556)source
  • November 19 – Antonio Brunelli, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1577)source