Directory

1629 CE

Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Restitution, ordering all Catholic properties lost to Protestantism since 1552 to be restored. The Edict further provides that Catholics and Lutherans (but not Calvinists, Hussites or members of other sects) are to be allowed to practice their faith. Thirty Years' War: Prince Frederick of Denmark, the Lutheran administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, is expelled by the Catholic League as a result of the Edict of Restitution. He is replaced by the staunch catholic Francis of Wartenberg. In what is now the state of Western Australia, administered at the time by the Dutch East India Company, seven members of the crew of the Batavia are hanged on the Abrolhos Islands for their massacre of 125 passengers and crew.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 4 – Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a royal charter, and the colony is the first to be created in what will become the United States 150 years later, covering almost all of what will be the U.S. state of Massachusetts.source
  • March 10 – Charles I of England dissolves Parliament, starting the Eleven Years' Tyrannysource
  • May 22 – Thirty Years' War: Christian IV of Denmark and Albrecht von Wallenstein sign the Treaty of Lübeck, ending Denmark's involvement in the Thirty Years' War.source
  • June 7 – The Dutch States-General ratifies the Dutch West India Company's Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions, making it more attractive to invest in the colony of New Netherland in North America.source
  • August 26 – The Cambridge Agreement is signed in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America, providing for the colony to be under the control of stockholders who actually emigrate to New England.source
  • August 29 – As a result of the Cambridge Agreement, the Massachusetts Bay Colony becomes a self-governing entity.source
  • September 25 – Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629): Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth sign the Truce of Altmark, ending the war in highly favourable terms for Sweden.source
  • November 30 – The St Etienne baronets British nobility title is created.source
  • December 22 – (Kan'ei 6, 8th day of the 11th month) Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan abdicates the throne in favor of his daughter, Princess Okiko, who becomes Empress Meishō.source
  • New Hampshire is established as a British colony.source

Conflict & Security

  • April 30 – Eighty Years' War: Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange lays siege to 's-Hertogenbosch, one of Spain's most important fortresses along the Spanish–Dutch border.source
  • May 14–28 – Huguenot rebellions: After a 15-day siege, Louis XIII of France captures Privas.source
  • May 29 – Thirty Years' War: Prince Frederick of Denmark, the Lutheran administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, is expelled by the Catholic League as a result of the Edict of Restitution. He is replaced by the staunch catholic Francis of Wartenberg.source
  • June 4 – The Dutch East India Company ship Batavia is wrecked on a reef near Beacon Island, off Western Australia, on her maiden voyage to the Indies. Following mutiny among the survivors, two exiled murderers become the first Europeans to settle in Australia. Their subsequent fate is unknown.source
  • June 17 – Huguenot rebellions: Alès surrenders after an intense siege. As a result, the leader of the Huguenot Rebellions, the Duke of Rohan, surrenders.source
  • June 28 – Huguenot rebellions: Louis XIII of France signs in his camp at Lédignan the Peace of Alès, ending the Huguenot rebellions. The Huguenots are allowed religious freedom, but lose their political, territorial and military rights.source
  • July 19 – Anglo-French War (1627–1629): New France's Samuel de Champlain surrenders the city of Quebec to an English force led by David Kirke.source
  • July 20 – In Morocco, the city of Salé is bombarded by French Admiral Isaac de Razilly with a fleet composed of the ships Licorne, Saint-Louis, Griffon, Catherine, Hambourg, Sainte-Anne, Saint-Jean; his forces destroyed three corsair shipssource
  • July 24 – Later Jin invasion of Joseon: In the Kingdom of Joseon (now Korea), Mao Wenlong is executed for smuggling and other crimes after being captured by Ming Chinese general Yuan Chonghuan.source
  • August 19 – Eighty Years' War: The Spanish garrison of Wesel is surprised by a small Dutch army, and the city is taken by the Dutch Republic. As Wesel functioned as the principal supply base of Hendrik van den Bergh's army, the loss of supply forces him to retreat to the Spanish Netherlands, leaving him unable to intervene in the ongoing siege of 's-Hertogenbosch.source
  • August 21 – Huguenot rebellions: Montauban, one of the last Huguenot strongholds, surrenders without a fight to Richelieu's troops.source
  • September 14 – Eighty Years' War: After a five-month-long siege, 's-Hertogenbosch surrenders to Frederick Henry. As a result of the capture of this key fortress, Spain's situation along the Spanish–Dutch border worsens greatly.source
  • September 22 – (5 Safar 1039 AH) Ahmad ibn Abd al-Muttalib, who had become Emir of Mecca and King of the Hejaz by force 16 months earlier, is assassinated by order of Kansuh Pasha, Governor of Yemen.source
  • October 2 – In what is now the state of Western Australia, administered at the time by the Dutch East India Company, seven members of the crew of the Batavia are hanged on the Abrolhos Islands for their massacre of 125 passengers and crew.source
  • October 24 – Portuguese Navy Captain Pedro Teixeira leads 2,000 men in the capture of Fort Taurege from England in what is now Brazil.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • February 11 – Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640): Around 350 English Puritans on six ships, led by Francis Higginson in the Lyon's Whelp, sail from Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, heading to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America. They arrive on June 19.source
  • June 17 – Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630): A Spanish expedition, led by Fadrique de Toledo, wipes out the English colony on Nevis.source
  • June 19 – Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640): The six ships of Puritans, led by Francis Higginson in the Lyon's Whelp, arrive in America at Salem, to settle in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.source
  • September 7 – Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630): A Spanish expedition, led by Fadrique de Toledo, wipes out the English colony on St. Kitts.source
  • William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling briefly establishes a Scottish colony at Port Royal, Nova Scotia.source

Religion & Belief

  • January 28 – Sam Mirza, son of the late Mohammad Baqer Mirza and grandson of Abbas the Great, is crowned as the new Shah of Persia and takes the regnal name Safi.source
  • March 6 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Restitution, ordering all Catholic properties lost to Protestantism since 1552 to be restored. The Edict further provides that Catholics and Lutherans (but not Calvinists, Hussites or members of other sects) are to be allowed to practice their faith.source

Economy & Finance

  • Chongzhen, the Chinese emperor of the Ming dynasty, reiterates the state prohibition against female infanticide, while the empire and the Chinese economy begins to crumble. In the same year, a third of the courier stations are closed down due to lack of government funds to sustain them.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • Fort Santo Domingo is built in Formosa by the Spanish East Indies.source

Health & Medicine

  • September 20 – 1629–1631 Italian plague: the plague arrives in the nation-state of Milan as German soldiers are granted a stay at the Forte di Fuentes.source
  • Actresses are banned in Japan.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • January 8 – Frederick Henry, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate, the 15-year-old son of the German Palatinate elector, Frederick V, drowns in an accident while sailing to Amsterdam.source

Climate & Environment

  • The rule of Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba ends.source

Births

  • January 16 – Theodorick Bland of Westover, American politician (d. 1671)source
  • February 26 – Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll, Scottish peer (d. 1685)source
  • August 12 – Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria, Austrian archduchess (d. 1685)source
  • September 3 – Cornelis Tromp, Dutch naval officer (d. 1691)source
  • September 17 – Sir John Perceval, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish nobleman (d. 1665)source
  • September 21 – Philip Howard, English Roman Catholic Cardinal (d. 1694)source
  • October 10 – Richard Towneley, English mathematician and astronomer from Towneley near Burnley (d. 1707)source
  • October 11 – Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti, Frondeur (d. 1666)source
  • October 21 – Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Swedish prince (d. 1689)source
  • November 20 – Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1698)source
  • December 2 – Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg, German Catholic cardinal (d. 1704)source
  • December 12 – Symeon of Polotsk, Belarusian churchman and poet (d. 1680)source
  • December 19 – Melchor Liñán y Cisneros, Spanish Catholic archbishop (d. 1708)source
  • December 20 – Pieter de Hooch, Dutch painter (d. 1684)source

Deaths

  • January 7 – Frederick Henry, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate (b. 1614)source
  • January 13 – Sri Chand, founder of the ascetic sect of Udasi (b. 1494)source
  • January 23 – Andreas Schott, Flemish philologist, academic, linguist and Jesuit priest (b. 1552)source
  • March 16 – Countess Emilia of Nassau, Dutch noble, daughter of William the Silent (b. 1559)source
  • March 23 – Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland, English politician (b. c. 1580)source
  • March 25 – John Guy, English merchant venturer and first Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1568)source
  • March 26 – Agnes of Brandenburg, Duchess of Pomerania, later Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1584)source
  • March 27 – George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes, English noble, general and administrator (b. 1555)source
  • September 13 – Johannes Buxtorf, German Calvinist theologian (b. 1564)source
  • September 21 – Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1587)source
  • September 22 – Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex, English noble (b. 1573)source
  • October 2 – Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1575)source
  • October 13 – Petrus Bertius, Flemish theologian and scientist (b. 1565)source
  • December 23 – Giovanni I Cornaro, Doge of the Republic of Venice since 1625, dies and is succeeded by Nicolò Contarini.source