Directory

1625 CE

Dutch–Portuguese War: The Battle of Hormuz, one of the largest naval battles ever fought in the Persian Gulf takes place in the Straits of Hormuz as fleets of the Dutch East India Company and the English East India Company defend Persia against an attack by ships from the colony of Portuguese India. The Safavid Empire in Iran defeats an invasion from the Kingdom of Georgia in the Battle of Marabda with heavy losses on both sides, including the Georgian commander, Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani. when the Iranian Safavid army defeated a Georgian force. The Barbary pirates first attack south-western England. In August they enslave about 60 people from Mount's Bay in Cornwall.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • June 2 – Prince Frederick Henry is sworn in as the stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland.source
  • June 18 – The English Parliament refuses to vote Charles I the right to collect customs duties for his entire reign, restricting him to one year instead.source
  • September 7 – The Treaty of Southampton makes an alliance between England and the Dutch Republic, against Spain.source
  • December 9 – Thirty Years' War: The Netherlands and England sign the Treaty of The Hague, a military peace treaty for providing economical aid to King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway, during his military campaigns in Germany.source
  • Approximate date – Shyaam a-Mbul begins to unify the Kuba Kingdom in Central Africa.source
  • An English colony is established in Barbados.source

Conflict & Security

  • January 17 – Led by the Duke of Soubise, the Huguenots launch a second rebellion against King Louis XIII, with a surprise naval assault on a French fleet being prepared in Blavet.source
  • February 11 – Dutch–Portuguese War: The Battle of Hormuz, one of the largest naval battles ever fought in the Persian Gulf takes place in the Straits of Hormuz as fleets of the Dutch East India Company and the English East India Company defend Persia against an attack by ships from the colony of Portuguese India.source
  • February – Huguenot forces under the Duke of Soubise capture the Island of Ré.source
  • March 25 – Battle of Martqopi: The Safavids are defeated in Georgia.source
  • March 28–April 24 – First Savoine War – Relief of Genoa: The Spanish fleet aids the Republic of Genoa, by overcoming the Franco-Savoyard occupation of the city of Genoa.source
  • June 5 – Eighty Years' War: Spanish troops under Ambrogio Spinola conquer Breda, after a nine-month siege.source
  • July 1 – The Safavid Empire in Iran defeats an invasion from the Kingdom of Georgia in the Battle of Marabda with heavy losses on both sides, including the Georgian commander, Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani. when the Iranian Safavid army defeated a Georgian force.source
  • July – The Barbary pirates first attack south-western England. In August they enslave about 60 people from Mount's Bay in Cornwall.source
  • August 6 – Ernest Casimir of Nassau-Dietz is appointed as stadtholder of Groningen.source
  • August 16 – Ernest Casimir of Nassau-Dietz is appointed stadtholder of Drenthe.source
  • September 15 – After several skirmishes in the preceding days, troops under the Marquis of Toiras successfully recapture the island of Ré, forcing the Duke of Soubise to flee to England, and ending the second Huguenot rebellion.source
  • September 24 – A Dutch fleet attacks San Juan, Puerto Rico.source
  • October 25 – A Dutch fleet attacks the Portuguese garrison at Elmina castle at modern-day Elmina, Ghana, but is defeated with heavy casualties. This defeat, along with the defeats at Bahia and Puerto Rico, causes a five-year-long lull in Dutch attacks on Spanish and Portuguese colonies.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • May 1 – A Portuguese-Spanish expedition recaptures Salvador, Bahia (Bahia) from the Dutch.source
  • November 1–7 – Cádiz Expedition: English forces commanded by Admiral George Villiers (which set out from Plymouth on October 8) are decisively defeated by the Spanish at Cádiz.source
  • The Dutch settle Manhattan, founding the town of New Amsterdam. The town will transform into a piece of New York City.source

Religion & Belief

  • February 6 – Bogislaw XIV becomes the final Duke of Pomerania, an office that becomes extinct after his death in 1637.source
  • March 21 – James Ussher is appointed Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland) and Primate of All Ireland.source
  • April 7 – Albrecht von Wallenstein is appointed German supreme commander of the armies of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II.source
  • The first members of the Society of Jesus move to Quebec, Canada.source

Economy & Finance

  • The capital of Madagascar, Antananarivo, is founded by King Andrianjaka.source

Crime & Justice

  • May 15–16 – Rebellious farmers are hanged in Vocklamarkt, Upper Austria.source
  • September 13 – A total of 16 rabbis (including Isaiah Horowitz) are imprisoned in Jerusalem.source

Climate & Environment

  • In England, a very high tide occurs, the highest ever known in the Thames, and the sea walls in Kent, Essex, and Lincolnshire are overthrown, thus great desolation is caused to the lands near the sea.source

Culture & Society

  • February 3 – Francesca Caccini's opera La liberazione di Ruggiero has its premiere, stated in Florence in Italy. The opera will continue to be staged almost 400 years later, as late as the year 2018.source
  • April 4 – Frederick Henry of Nassau marries Amalia, Countess von Solms-Braunfels.source
  • June 13 – King Charles I of England marries Catholic princess Henrietta Maria of France and Navarre, at Canterbury.source

Births

  • March 25 – Ann, Lady Fanshawe, English memoirist (d. 1680)source
  • May 13 – Carlo Maratta, Italian painter (d. 1713)source
  • May 25 – Gaspar Téllez-Girón, 5th Duke de Osuna, Spanish duke (d. 1694)source
  • June 9 – Sarah Rapelje, the "first white child" born in New Netherland (d. 1685)source
  • June 23 – John Fell, English churchman and influential academic (d. 1686)source
  • July 27 – Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (d. 1672)source
  • August 21 – John Claypole, English politician (d. 1688)source
  • October 2 – Vere Essex Cromwell, 4th Earl of Ardglass, English noble (d. 1687)source
  • October 4 – Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy and sister of Blaise Pascal (d. 1661)source
  • October 6 – Francis Small, English trader and landowner residing primarily in Kittery, Maine (d. 1714)source
  • October 10 – Erik Dahlbergh, Swedish engineer, soldier and field marshal (d. 1703)source
  • November 8 – Mary Rich, Countess of Warwick, 7th daughter of Richard Boyle (d. 1678)source
  • December 16 – Erhard Weigel, German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher (d. 1699)source
  • December 20 – David Gregory, Scottish physician and inventor (d. 1720)source

Deaths

  • January 17 – Maria Dolgorukova, first spouse of Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. c. 1601)source
  • January/February – Robert Cushman, English Plymouth Colony settler (b. 1577)source
  • February 8 – Hafız Ahmed Pasha is designated as the new grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Murad IV, 11 days after the death of Çerkes Mehmed Pasha.source
  • February 19 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester, English peer (b. 1563)source
  • February 26 – Jeremiah of Wallachia, Romanian-born Capuchin lay brother, who spent his entire adult life serving as an infirmarian of the Order in Italy (b. 1556)source
  • February 26 – Anna Vasa of Sweden, Polish and Swedish princess (b. 1568)source
  • March 28 or March 29 – Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, Spanish historian (b. 1549)source
  • June 2 – Mōri Terumoto, Japanese warrior (b. 1553)source
  • June 5 – Orlando Gibbons, English composer and organist (b. 1583)source
  • August 18 – Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche, English diplomat (b. 1556)source
  • August 19 – Enno III, Count of East Frisia, Count of Ostfriesland (1599-1625) from the Cirksena Family (b. 1563)source
  • August 30 – Duchess Anna of Prussia, daughter of Albert Frederick (b. 1576)source
  • September 6 – Thomas Dempster, Scottish historian (b. 1579)source
  • November 16 – Sofonisba Anguissola, Italian painter (b. c. 1532)source