Directory

1635 CE

Druze warlord Fakhr-al-Din II is executed in Constantinople. The Royal Mail service is made available to the public by Charles I of England. Rhode Island founder Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident, after speaking out against punishments for religious offenses, and giving away Native American land.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 22 – The Peacock Throne of India's Mughal Empire is inaugurated in a ceremony in Delhi to support the seventh anniversary of Shah Jahan's accession to the throne as Emperor.source
  • September 12 – The Treaty of Sztumska Wieś is signed between Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.source
  • October 9 – Rhode Island founder Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident, after speaking out against punishments for religious offenses, and giving away Native American land.source
  • Dominica is claimed by France.source

Conflict & Security

  • January 23 – 1635 Capture of Tortuga: The Spanish Navy captures the Caribbean island of Tortuga off of the coast of Haiti after a three-day battle against the English and French Navy.source
  • January 25 – King Thalun moves the capital of Burma from Pegu to Ava.source
  • May 19 – France declares war on Spain.source
  • May 30 – Thirty Years' War – The Peace of Prague is signed, which ends the German civil war aspect of the conflict.source
  • August 3 – Cossack rebel leader Ivan Sulyma stages a surprise attack on Poland's newly constructed Kodak fortress, and his raiders kill most of the 200 mercenaries stationed there. Sulyma and his allies are captured by the army of Stanisław Koniecpolski, and Sulyma is executed on December 12.source
  • November 22 – The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa, against Taiwanese aborigines, begins.source
  • The Ottomans are expelled from Yemen.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • June 28 – France's Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique begins its occupation of the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, with Charles Liénard de L'Olive as its first Governor.source
  • Willem and Joan Blaeu publish the first edition of their Atlas Novus, in Amsterdam.source
  • Guadeloupe and Martinique are colonized by France.source

Religion & Belief

  • March 26 – Philipp Christoph von Sötern, the Archbishop-Elector of Trier, is taken prisoner in a surprise attack by Spanish Habsburg troops, leading to a declaration of war against Spain by France and the beginning of the Franco-Spanish War.source
  • April 13 – Druze warlord Fakhr-al-Din II is executed in Constantinople.source
  • November 15 – Thomas Parr, dead at the alleged age of 152, is buried in Westminster Abbey.source
  • December 23 – Shah Jahan, Emperor of India's Mughal Empire, issues a decree against Portuguese Jesuits, ordering that the Agra Church be demolished and barring them from attempting to convert Hindus and Muslims to the Christian faith, but allows them to conduct their religious ceremonies in private.source
  • In the Mughal Empire, Shah Jahan's Pearl Mosque at Lahore Fort is completed.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • July 31 – The Royal Mail service is made available to the public by Charles I of England.source

Health & Medicine

  • In Edo period Japan, the Sakoku Edict of 1635 enforces isolationism. Japanese are forbidden to travel abroad and unauthorised Europeans forbidden to enter under penalty of death. Christianity (Catholicism) is absolutely prohibited. Foreign merchants – Chinese and those of the Dutch East India Company – are restricted to enclaves in Nagasaki and access by the Portuguese is completely forbidden: an imperial memorandum decrees, "Hereafter entry by the Portuguese galeota is forbidden. If they insist on coming, the ships must be destroyed and anyone aboard those ships must be beheaded."source

Climate & Environment

  • August 25 – The Great Colonial Hurricane strikes Narragansett Bay as a possible Category 3 hurricane, killing over 46 people.source

Culture & Society

  • February 22 – The Académie française in Paris is formally constituted, as the national academy for the preservation of the French language.source
  • April 23 – Boston Latin School, the oldest school in what will become the United States of America, is founded in Boston, Massachusetts.source
  • Nagyszombat University (predecessor of Budapest University) is established.source

Births

  • January 8 – Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, Spanish Archbishop of Toledo (d. 1709)source
  • January 13 – Philipp Spener, German Christian theologian known as the Father of Pietism (d. 1705)source
  • January 25 – Daniel Casper von Lohenstein, German writer, diplomat and lawyer (d. 1683)source
  • March 31 – Patrick Gordon, Scottish-born Russian general, rear admiral (d. 1699)source
  • April 16 – Frans van Mieris the Elder, Dutch Golden Age genre and portrait painter (d. 1681)source
  • April 17 – Edward Stillingfleet, British theologian and scholar (d. 1699)source
  • July 23 – Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, iconic figure in the history of New France (d. 1660)source
  • August 24 – Peder Griffenfeld, Danish statesman and royal favourite (d. 1699)source
  • September 7 – Paul I, Prince Esterházy, Hungarian prince (d. 1713)source
  • November 6 – Sir John Carew, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1692)source
  • November 15 – Margaret Yolande of Savoy, duchess consort of Parma (d. 1663)source
  • November 22 – Francis Willughby, English biologist (d. 1672)source
  • November 27 – Madame de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV of France (d. 1719)source
  • December 28 – Elizabeth Stuart, second daughter of King Charles I of England (d. 1650)source

Deaths

  • January – Nef'i, Turkish poet and satirist (b. 1572)source
  • March 27 – Robert Naunton, English politician (b. 1563)source
  • March – Thomas Randolph, English poet (b. 1605)source
  • April 13 – Fakhr-al-Din II, Ottoman Emir of Chouf (b. 1572)source
  • April 23 – Elizabeth Carey, Lady Berkeley, English courtier (b. 1576)source
  • April 27 – Antonio Zapata y Cisneros, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1550)source
  • August 7 – Friedrich von Spee, German writer (b. 1591)source
  • August 27 – Lope de Vega, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1562)source
  • August (bur.) – Richard Whitbourne, English colonist of Newfoundland (b. 1561)source
  • October 24 – Wilhelm Schickard, German inventor (b. 1592)source
  • October 31 – Maria Amalia of Nassau-Dillenburg, German noble (b. 1582)source
  • November 15 – Thomas Parr, English alleged oldest living man (b. 1483)source
  • November 25 – John Hall, English physician, son-in-law of William Shakespeare (b. 1575)source
  • Iravikkutti Pillai, Venad leader in India (b. 1603)source