Directory

1633 CE

Charles I is crowned King of Scots at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, according to Anglican rite in his first visit to Scotland since early childhood, although he has been Scottish monarch since 1625. The Dutch East India Company fleet, led by Hans Putmans, attacks its ally Zheng Zhilong's base by surprise, near Xiamen. Battle of Liaoluo Bay: A large Ming dynasty fleet under Zheng Zhilong defeats a Dutch East India Company fleet at the island of Quemoy.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • February 9 – the Duchy of Hesse-Cassel captures Dorsten from the Electorate of Cologne without resistance.source
  • March 1 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France, on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.source
  • May 22 – Samuel de Champlain, founder of the French colony of New France, returns to Quebec after being gone for four years, commissioned as Lieutenant General of the troops of New France, but not as governor.source

Conflict & Security

  • July 7 – the Dutch East India Company fleet, led by Hans Putmans, attacks its ally Zheng Zhilong's base by surprise, near Xiamen.source
  • July 8 – Thirty Years' War: Battle of Oldendorf – Sweden defeats the Holy Roman Empire near Hessisch Oldendorf.source
  • September 25 – King Louis XIII enters into Nancy, marking the occupation of the Duchy of Lorraine by France.source
  • October 17 – Thirty Years' War: Siege of Rheinfelden – Spain recaptures Rheinfelden from Sweden.source
  • October 22 – Battle of Liaoluo Bay: A large Ming dynasty fleet under Zheng Zhilong defeats a Dutch East India Company fleet at the island of Quemoy.source
  • December 9 – Francisco de Murga, Spain's Governor of the South American province of Cartagena (now in Colombia), crushes a revolt by escaped African slaves in an attack against the palenque of Limón. De Murga captures 80 residents, and, after a trial, has 13 executed, with the drawing and quartering of their bodies.source
  • Trịnh–Nguyễn War: Trịnh Tráng launched an attack on Đàng Trong at the Nhật Lệ estuary. This was marked as the second clash in the civil war.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • September 26 – a group from the Plymouth Colony settles in Windsor, Connecticut, making it the first settlement in the state.source
  • November 11 – the Dutch expedition of Jan Janszoon van Hoorn, against Spanish pirates in Central America, ends after six months with van Hoorn's success.source
  • November 22 – commissioned by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore to transport 140 English colonists to the province of Maryland in America, The Ark and another ship, the Dove (with 128 settlers), depart Gravesend in England for the New World. Three days later, the two ships become separated by a storm in the English Channel, and the crew of The Ark assumes that the Dove sank.source
  • November 29 – The Ark runs into a more violent storm, but manages to stay afloat and to continue on its journey to America. The Dove turns out to have survived the storms, and both ships will arrive in Maryland on February 24.source
  • English colonists settle what will become the town of Hingham, Massachusetts.source

Religion & Belief

  • February 6 – the formal coronation of Władysław IV Vasa as King of Poland takes place at the cathedral in Kraków. He had been elected as king on November 8.source
  • June 18 – Charles I is crowned King of Scots at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, according to Anglican rite in his first visit to Scotland since early childhood, although he has been Scottish monarch since 1625.source
  • June 22 – the Roman Catholic Church forces Galileo Galilei to recant his heliocentric view of the Solar System. According to legend, he claims Eppur si muove.source
  • August 6 – William Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.source
  • The Jews of Poznań are granted the privilege of forbidding Christians to enter into their city quarter.source
  • St Columb's Cathedral, Derry, Ireland, the first post-Reformation Anglican cathedral built in the British Isles and the first Protestant cathedral built in Europe, is completed.source
  • Mission San Luis de Apalachee is built in the New World by two Spanish friars.source
  • Emperor of Ethiopia Fasilides expels Jesuit missionaries.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • February 13 – Fire engines are used for the first time in England in order to control and extinguish a fire that breaks out at London Bridge, but not before 43 houses are destroyed.source

Science & Discovery

  • July 8 – The Javanese calendar is commenced on this day by the order of Sultan Agung of the Mataram Sultanate. It is the Javanese adaptation of the Hijri calendar, but it continues the year numbering of the Shaka era widely used in Java then, thus the calendar's epoch is 1 Sura 1555 AJ, corresponding with 1 Muharram 1043 AH.source

Health & Medicine

  • January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, where he is quarantined for 22 days because of an outbreak of the plague.source
  • Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu of Japan issues the Sakoku Edict of 1635 outlawing Christianity, enforcing a policy of extreme isolationism (sakoku) until 1853.source

Crime & Justice

  • February 13 – Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.source
  • April 12 – Galileo Galilei is convicted of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • May 28 – Aurangzeb, Crown Prince of the Mughal Empire in India, narrowly escapes death when an elephant stampedes through his encampment, but is able to defend himself with a lance.source

Culture & Society

  • A professorship in Arabic studies is founded at the University of Cambridge in England.source

Births

  • February 26 – Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and last Administrator of Ratzeburg (d. 1695)source
  • March 25 – Samuel Whiting, Jr., American clergyman (d. 1713)source
  • March 26 – Mary Beale, British artist (d. 1699)source
  • March 30 – Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, German general, Landgraf of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1708)source
  • May 1 – Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, French noble and military engineer noted for designing fortifications (d. 1707)source
  • June 1 – Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (d. 1687)source
  • June 27 – Auguste of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, German noble (d. 1701)source
  • July 25 – Joseph Williamson, English politician (d. 1701)source
  • October 4 – Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1714)source
  • October 4 – Bernardino Ramazzini, Italian physician (d. 1714)source
  • November 10 – Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn, Governor of Jersey (d. 1703)source
  • November 11 – George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, English writer and statesman (d. 1695)source
  • November 26 – Johann Christoph Wagenseil, German Christian Hebraist (d. 1705)source
  • December 18 – Willem van de Velde the Younger, Dutch painter (d. 1707)source

Deaths

  • January 20 – Elizabeth Stanley, Countess of Huntingdon, English noblewoman and writer (b. 1588)source
  • March 1 – George Herbert, English poet and orator (b. 1593)source
  • June – Étienne Brûlé, French explorer (b. c. 1592)source
  • August 5 – George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1562)source
  • August 12 – Ulrik of Denmark, Danish prince-bishop (b. 1611)source
  • August 30 – Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Countess Palatine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (b. 1553)source
  • September 22 – Joam Mattheus Adami, Italian Jesuit missionary (b. 1576)source
  • September – Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland (b. c. 1575)source
  • October 2 – Scipione Borghese, Italian Catholic cardinal and art collector (b. 1577)source
  • November 7 – Cornelis Drebbel, Dutch inventor (b. 1572)source
  • November 8 – Xu Guangqi, Chinese astronomer, Roman Catholic convert, mathematician, scholar, scientist and servant of God (b. 1562)source
  • November 8 – Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Lüneburt (1611–1633) (b. 1566)source
  • November 14 – William Ames, English philosopher (b. 1576)source
  • December 17 or December 27 – Meletius Smotrytsky, Ruthenian religious activist and author (b. 1577)source