Directory

1298 CE

Battle of Göllheim: German forces of Duke Albert I defeat King Adolf of Nassau at Göllheim over the prince electors' decision, without electoral act – to dethrone Adolf and proclaim Albert the new ruler of Germany at Frankfurt, on July 27. During the battle, Adolf is killed and his army is destroyed with the loss of 3,000 horses. The "ideal city" of Marciac in southern France is founded by King Philip IV ("the Fair") and his Seneschal Guichard de Marzé (or Marciac). Battle of Curzola: The Genoese fleet (some 80 galleys) led by Admiral Lamba Doria defeats the Venetian fleet at Curzola. The disaster is almost complete for Venice: 83 of the 95 galleys are destroyed and some 7,000 men are killed. During the battle, Marco Polo, commanding one of the Venetian ships, is captured.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • August 30 – Emperor Fushimi abdicates the throne after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by his 10-year-old son Go-Fushimi as the 93rd emperor of Japan (until 1301).source

Conflict & Security

  • June 1 – Battle of Turaida: Forces of the Livonian Order are decisively defeated near Turaida Castle by the residents of Riga, allied with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under Vytenis. After their defeat, the Livonians receive reinforcements from the Teutonic Order and defeat the residents of Riga and Lithuanians near Neuermühlen, on June 28. The knights proceed with their campaign, and besiege and capture Riga. In response, King Eric VI of Denmark ("Menved") threatens to invade Livonia, but a truce is reached and the conflict is mediated by Pope Boniface VIII.source
  • July 2 – Battle of Göllheim: German forces of Duke Albert I defeat King Adolf of Nassau at Göllheim over the prince electors' decision, without electoral act – to dethrone Adolf and proclaim Albert the new ruler of Germany at Frankfurt, on July 27. During the battle, Adolf is killed and his army is destroyed with the loss of 3,000 horses.source
  • July 22 – First War of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk – English forces (some 15,000 men) led by Edward I defeat a Scottish army led by William Wallace at Falkirk. During the battle, the English knights drive off the Scottish horse and archers, but cannot break the pikemen in the center. The Scottish pikemen are formed in four great "hedgehogs" (known as schiltron) but are destroyed by English longbow archers.source
  • September 9 – Battle of Curzola: The Genoese fleet (some 80 galleys) led by Admiral Lamba Doria defeats the Venetian fleet at Curzola. The disaster is almost complete for Venice: 83 of the 95 galleys are destroyed and some 7,000 men are killed. During the battle, Marco Polo, commanding one of the Venetian ships, is captured.source
  • Mongol invasion of India (1297–1298): Mongol forces led by Qutlugh Khwaja invade the Sindh region of the Delhi Sultanate and occupy the castle of Sivistan (modern Pakistan). Sultan Alauddin Khalji sends an army under Zafar Khan, who defeats the Mongols, on February 6. Some 20,000 Mongols are killed in the ensuing battle. The survivors are put into chains and brought to Delhi, where they are trampled to death by elephants.source
  • After a year's siege, the revolting Italian commune of Palestrina near Rome surrenders to the Papal forces, razed to the ground and salted by order of Boniface VIII, in an act of debellatio.source
  • Summer – First War of Scottish Independence: King Edward I of England ("Longshanks") marches from Newcastle upon Tyne with his household to Alnwick and then by way of Chillingham to Roxburgh in Scotland, where he joins the army in July. He proceeds to Lauderdale and encamps at Kirkliston, to the west of Edinburgh, where he remains from July 15 to July 20. The army is accompanied by a long train of supply wagons. Meanwhile, English supply ships, delayed by bad weather, bring food to Leith.source

Religion & Belief

  • Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome and Pope Gregory I are named the first Doctors of the Church. They are known collectively as the Great Doctors of the Western Church.source
  • Pope Boniface VIII issues the decretal Periculoso, requiring all nuns to be in enclosed orders.source

Economy & Finance

  • The foreign creditors of the Sienese Gran Tavola Bank start demanding their deposits back, thus accelerating the liquidity crisis faced by the firm.source

Science & Discovery

  • Wang Zhen, Chinese inventor and politician, invents a wooden movable type printing (Bi Sheng invented ceramic movable type in the 11th century).source

Culture & Society

  • August 1 – The "ideal city" of Marciac in southern France is founded by King Philip IV ("the Fair") and his Seneschal Guichard de Marzé (or Marciac).source

Births

  • August 9 – Robert Ufford, English nobleman and admiral (d. 1369)source
  • August 25 – Gongwon, Korean queen consort of Goryeo (d. 1380)source
  • December 12 – Albert II, Duke of Austria ("the Lame"), German nobleman (d. 1358)source
  • Angelo Acciaioli, Italian nobleman, cleric, friar and bishop (d. 1357)source
  • Kunigunde of Poland, Polish princess (House of Piast) (d. 1331)source
  • Elizabeth of Carinthia, Sicilian queen consort and regent (d. 1352)source
  • Edmond de Burgh, Norman nobleman (House of Burgh) (d. 1338)source
  • Qvarqvare I, Georgian nobleman and prince (mtavari) (d. 1361)source
  • Zhou Boqi, Chinese magistrate, calligrapher and poet (d. 1369)source
  • Peter I of Dreux, French nobleman (House of Dreux) (d. 1345)source
  • Everhard II of Limburg, German nobleman and co-ruler (d. 1344)source
  • Charles of Calabria, Italian nobleman and Vicar-General (d. 1328)source
  • Andrew Murray, Scottish nobleman, knight and politician (d. 1338)source
  • Bernat II de Cabrera, Aragonese nobleman and diplomat (d. 1364)source

Deaths

  • January 2 – Lodomer, Hungarian prelate and archbishopsource
  • March 14 – Peter John Olivi, French theologian (b. 1248)source
  • March 25 – Siegfried I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, German prince (House of Ascania)source
  • April 17 – Albrecht II, Count of Hohenberg-Rotenburg, German nobleman and governor (b. 1235)source
  • May 4 – Frederick VI, Count of Zollern, German nobleman, knight and co-rulersource
  • July 2 – Adolf of Nassau, king of Germany (House of Nassau)source
  • July 13 or July 16 – Jacobus de Voragine, Italian archbishopsource
  • July 22 – John de Graham, Scottish nobleman (Clan Graham)source
  • July 22 – John Stewart, Scottish nobleman (Clan Stewart)source
  • July 22 – Macduff of Fife, Scottish nobleman (Clan MacDuff)source
  • July 23 – Thoros III (or Toros), king of Cilician Armenia (b. 1271)source
  • August 1 – Mordechai ben Hillel, German Jewish rabbi (b. 1250)source
  • August 29 – Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar, daughter of Edward I (b. 1269)source
  • December 31 – Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, English nobleman (b. 1249)source