Directory

1569 CE

The first recorded lottery in England begins and continues, nonstop, at the west door of St Paul's Cathedral in London until May 6, when the winner is drawn. Each share costs ten shillings, and proceeds are used to repair harbours, and for other public works. Burma invades Siam and captures Ayutthaya. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma. The Rising of the North begins in England as the Earl of Westmorland and the Earl of Northumberland, both Catholic nobles, set off from Brancepeth Castle in County Durham with 700 men, in hopes of overthrowing Queen Elizabeth I and placing the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • July 1 – The Union of Lublin unites the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, following votes in the Assemblies of three Lithuanian provinces (Volhynia, Ukraine and Podlasie) in favour of the incorporation.source
  • August 27 – The Grand Duchy of Tuscany is formed.source
  • November 26 — Francisco Álvarez de Toledo becomes the new Spanish Viceroy of Peru, succeeding Lope García de Castro as the governor-general of all Spanish territory in South America.source

Conflict & Security

  • March 13 – Battle of Jarnac: Royalist troops under Marshal Gaspard de Tavannes surprise and defeat the Huguenots under Louis I, Prince of Condé, who is captured and murdered. A substantial proportion of the Huguenot army manages to escape, under Gaspard II de Coligny.source
  • May 8 – King Bayinnaung of Burma puts down the revolt by Setthathirath of Lan Xang (modern Laos), and ending Lan Xang's attempt to rescue Thailand's Ayutthaya Kingdom from conquest.source
  • June 10 – German Protestant troops reinforce Coligny, near Limoges.source
  • July 24 – Huguenot forces under Gaspard II de Coligny and 15-year-old Prince Henry of Navarre begin the siege of Poitiers, a Roman Catholic stronghold. The siege fails and the Huguenots depart on September 7.source
  • August 2 – Burma invades Siam and captures Ayutthaya. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma.source
  • August 24 – Battle of Orthez: Huguenot forces under Gabriel de Lorges, Count of Montgomery defeat Royalist forces under General Terride, in French Navarre. Catholics surrender under the condition that their lives will be spared. Huguenots agree, but then massacre the Catholics anyway.source
  • September 7 – A Royalist army under the Duc d'Anjou and Marshal Tavannes forces Coligny to abandon the siege of Poitiers.source
  • September 29 – Maha Thammarachathirat is installed by the Burmese Army as the vassal king of Ayutthaya.source
  • October 3 – Battle of Moncontour: The Royalist forces of Gaspard de Saulx Tavannes and the Duc d'Anjou defeat Gaspard II de Coligny's Huguenots, killing 8,000 and taking 3,000 prisoner.source
  • November 11 — Danish General Daniel Rantzau arrives at the Swedish-held Varberg castle at Halland and orders his artillery to shell the castle with cannon fire. The Swedish defenders fire back with their own artillery and Rantzau's head is taken off by a cannonball on the first day.source
  • November 14 — The siege of Varberg Castle by Denmark ends after three days of shelling the Swedish defenders.source
  • December 2 — The Catholic army of the Duc d'Anjou inflicts another defeat on the Huguenots of Coligny, successfully besieging Saint-Jean-d'Angély.source
  • December 6 — The Kanbara castle, held by the Hōjō clan in what becomes the Shizuoka Prefecture of Japan falls after a siege by Takeda Katsuyori of the Takeda clan. Hōjō Ujinobu, who had 1,000 men defending, commits suicide after the defeat.source
  • December 13 — An English counterattack against the Northern rebels begins as Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, marches from York with 10,000 men against the rebels' 6,000. The rebels disperse and flee northward back to Scotland, ending the Rising of the North.source
  • 1569 Plot: The first of three conspiracies with the intent to depose John III of Sweden and reinstate the imprisoned Eric XIV on the Swedish throne is exposed in Sweden.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • The trade compact of 1536 is renewed, exempting French merchants from Ottoman law, and allowing them to travel, buy and sell throughout the sultan's dominions, and to pay low customs duties on French imports and exports.source

Religion & Belief

  • January 11 — The first recorded lottery in England begins and continues, nonstop, at the west door of St Paul's Cathedral in London until May 6, when the winner is drawn. Each share costs ten shillings, and proceeds are used to repair harbours, and for other public works.source
  • February 26 — Pope Pius V issues a papal bull expelling all Jews from Italian and French territories.source
  • September 17 – Pope Pius V issues the papal bull Consueverunt Romani Pontifices setting specific elements for the devotion of the Rosary.source
  • Mughal Emperor Akbar founds Fatehpur Sikri, to honor the Muslim holy man Shaikh Salim Chisti, who has foretold the birth of Akbar's son and heir, Jahangir.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • May 31 – Kasim Pasha of the Ottoman Empire begins the Ottoman attempt to conquer Astrakhan with tens of thousands of troops and a plan to build a canal between the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea to send Ottoman ships on the conquest. The attempt to build a canal proves to be unfeasible.source

Science & Discovery

  • The Mercator projection is first used in Gerardus Mercator's world map, Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae Descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendata.source

Climate & Environment

  • September 26 – Kasim Pasha ends his attempt to conquer Astrakhan after realizing that his troops have only one month's supply of food left.source

Culture & Society

  • September 28 – The first complete printed Bible in a Spanish translation (La Biblia), made by Casiodoro de Reina, is published in Basel.source
  • November 9 – The Rising of the North begins in England as the Earl of Westmorland and the Earl of Northumberland, both Catholic nobles, set off from Brancepeth Castle in County Durham with 700 men, in hopes of overthrowing Queen Elizabeth I and placing the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne.source

Births

  • January 20 – Heribert Rosweyde, Jesuit hagiographer (d. 1629)source
  • February 13 – Johann Reinhard I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1625)source
  • March 28 – Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1622)source
  • April 16 – John Davies, English poet and lawyer (d. 1626)source
  • June 1 – Sophia of Holstein-Gottorp, Regent of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1603–1608) (d. 1634)source
  • June 30 – Hedwig of Hesse-Kassel, countess consort of Schaumburg (d. 1644)source
  • July 3 – Thomas Richardson, English politician and judge (d. 1635)source
  • July 19 – Conrad Vorstius, Dutch theologian (d. 1622)source
  • September 5 – Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim, officer and amateur poet (d. 1645)source
  • September 23 – Tachibana Ginchiyo, female samurai leader of the Tachibana clan in Japan (d. 1602)source
  • September – Arthur Lake, English bishop, a translator of the King James Bible (d. 1626)source
  • October 14 – Giambattista Marino, Italian poet (d. 1625)source
  • November 18 – Antonio Marcello Barberini, Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (d. 1646)source
  • December 22 – Étienne Martellange, French architect (d. 1641)source

Deaths

  • January 15 – Catherine Carey, English lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth I (b. 1524)source
  • January 20 – Myles Coverdale, English Bible translator (b. c. 1488)source
  • April 15 –Maha Chakkraphat, Siamese King of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (b. 1509)source
  • April 15 – Burmese–Siamese War: Mahinthrathirat reclaims the throne of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (modern Thailand) upon the death of King Maha Chakkraphat.source
  • May 10 – John of Ávila, Spanish mystic and saint (b. 1500)source
  • May 27 – François de Coligny d'Andelot, French general (b. 1521)source
  • June 11 – Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (b. 1526)source
  • September 5 – Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London (b. c. 1500)source
  • September 9 – Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish paintersource
  • October 3 – Philibert, Margrave of Baden-Baden (b. 1536)source
  • November 24 – Celio Secondo Curione, Italian humanist (b. 1503)source
  • November 29 – António Ferreira, Portuguese poet (b. 1528)source
  • December 15 – Ludowika Margaretha of Zweibrücken-Bitsch, spouse of Count Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1540)source
  • December 23 – Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow (b. 1507)source