Directory

1076 CE

Demetrius Zvonimir is crowned as king of Croatia in Solin (near Split), in the Basilica of Saint Peter and Moses (known later as the Hollow Church) by a representative of Gregory VII. Norman conquest of southern Italy: Italo-Norman forces under Robert Guiscard de Hauteville and Richard I of Capua, conquer the fortress city of Salerno after a short siege. Bolesław II the Bold (or "the Generous") is crowned as King of Poland by Archbishop Bogumił in Gniezno Cathedral. Bolesław supports Gregory VII in his conflict against Henry IV.

Conflict & Security

  • December 13 – Norman conquest of southern Italy: Italo-Norman forces under Robert Guiscard de Hauteville and Richard I of Capua, conquer the fortress city of Salerno after a short siege.source
  • Approximate date – Koumbi Saleh, an important mercantile and political center of the Ghana Empire (modern Mauritania), is besieged by the Almoravids.source
  • Vikramaditya VI deposes his older brother Someshvara II to become king of the Western Chalukya Empire (modern India).source

Religion & Belief

  • January 24 – Synod of Worms: Emperor Henry IV, holds a synod in Worms (modern Germany). The assembly declares Pope Gregory VII deposed, and the bishops abandon their allegiance to him.source
  • February 22 – Gregory VII pronounces a sentence of excommunication against Henry IV at Rome. He is excluded from the Catholic Church, and all the bishops named by Henry are excommunicated.source
  • December 26 – Bolesław II the Bold (or "the Generous") is crowned as King of Poland by Archbishop Bogumił in Gniezno Cathedral. Bolesław supports Gregory VII in his conflict against Henry IV.source
  • Summer – Dirk V, count of Holland, re-conquers West Frisia (modern Netherlands) from the Archdiocese of Utrecht. He besieges Bishop Conrad at the castle of IJsselmonde, taking him prisoner.source
  • Anselm of Aosta, an Italian Benedictine abbot, completes his Monologion at the request of his fellow monks.source
  • Demetrius Zvonimir donates the Benedictine monastery of St. Gregory in Vrana to Gregory VII.source

Crime & Justice

  • May 31 – Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, a participant in the Revolt of the Earls against King William the Conqueror, is beheaded near Winchester.source

Climate & Environment

  • November 1 – A frost begins that lasts until April 1077.source

Culture & Society

  • October 8 – Demetrius Zvonimir is crowned as king of Croatia in Solin (near Split), in the Basilica of Saint Peter and Moses (known later as the Hollow Church) by a representative of Gregory VII.source
  • Approximate date – The Trial of Penenden Heath is held, with an important ruling regarding land rights subsequent to the Norman Conquest.source

Births

  • June 1 – Mstislav I "the Great"), Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1132)source
  • Hualani, Hawaiian queen and regentsource
  • Fujiwara no Sadazane, Japanese calligrapher (d. 1120)source
  • Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi, Moorish scholar and judge (d. 1148)source
  • Urban (or Gwrgan), bishop of Llandaff (d. 1134)source

Deaths

  • February 26 or 27 – Godfrey the Hunchback, duke of Lower Lorrainesource
  • March 18 – Ermengarde of Anjou, duchess of Burgundysource
  • March 21 – Robert I ("the Old"), duke of Burgundy (b. 1011)source
  • April 18 – Beatrice of Bar, French duchess and regentsource
  • April 28 – Sweyn II Estridsson, king of Denmarksource
  • May 8 – Nasr ibn Mahmud, Mirdasid emir of Alepposource
  • May 26 – Ramon Berenguer I, count of Barcelona (b. 1023)source
  • May 31 – Waltheof, earl of Northumbria (executed)source
  • June 4 – Sancho IV, king of Pamplona (or Navarre)source
  • July 15 – Arnost (or Arnošt), bishop of Rochestersource
  • Ramihrdus of Cambrai, French heretic priest and martyr (or 1077)source
  • William Busac, French nobleman (jure uxoris) (b. 1020)source