Directory

45 BCE

The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing a solar calendar that is based on the Egyptian calendar of the day. Civil War: In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the younger in the Battle of Munda. Labienus dies in battle, Pompey the younger is executed, but Sextus Pompey escapes to take command of the remnants of the Pompeian fleet. The veterans of Julius Caesar's Legions Legio XIII Gemina and Legio X Equestris demobilize. The veterans of the 10th legion are settled in Narbo, while those of the 13th are given somewhat better lands in Italia itself.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • Fourth consulship of Gaius Julius Caesar (without colleague).source

Conflict & Security

  • March 17 – Civil War: In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the younger in the Battle of Munda. Labienus dies in battle, Pompey the younger is executed, but Sextus Pompey escapes to take command of the remnants of the Pompeian fleet.source
  • The veterans of Julius Caesar's Legions Legio XIII Gemina and Legio X Equestris demobilize. The veterans of the 10th legion are settled in Narbo, while those of the 13th are given somewhat better lands in Italia itself.source

Religion & Belief

  • Caesar probably writes his Commentaries in this year.source
  • Caesar is named dictator for life.source

Science & Discovery

  • Possible first year of the Azes I Era.source

Culture & Society

  • January 1 – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing a solar calendar that is based on the Egyptian calendar of the day.source

Births

  • Wang Mang, usurper of the Han dynasty and emperor of the Xin dynasty (d. AD 23)source
  • Iullus Antonius, son of Mark Antony and Fulvia; consul 10 BC (d. 2 BC)source

Deaths

  • February – Tullia, daughter of Cicero (b. 79 BC or 78 BC)source
  • March 17 – Publius Attius Varus, Roman governor (killed in the Battle of Munda)source
  • March 17 – Titus Labienus, Roman general (killed in the Battle of Munda) (b. c. 100 BC)source
  • April 12 – Gnaeus Pompeius, son of Pompey the Great (executed after the Battle of Munda)source
  • December 31 – Quintus Fabius Maximus, Roman general and politiciansource
  • Nigidius Figulus, Roman scholar (b. 98 BC)source
  • Publius Cornelius Sulla, Roman politiciansource