Directory

962 CE

Otto I and John XII co-sign the Diploma Ottonianum, confirming John XII as the spiritual head of the Catholic Church. Otto recognizes John XII's secular control over the Papal States – by expanding the domain over the Exarchate of Ravenna, the Duchy of Spoleto, and the Duchy of Benevento. Arab–Byzantine wars – Sack of Aleppo: A Byzantine expeditionary force under General Nikephoros Phokas invades northern Syria, and sacks Aleppo, capital of the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla. In late December Aleppo is taken by storm, with the population killed or enslaved; the city is razed. The Byzantine army takes possession of 390,000 silver dinars, 2,000 camels and 1,400 mules. Otto I takes his army to lay siege at San Giulio, an island within Lake Orta (Piedmont), where Queen Willa (the wife of King Berengar II) has barricaded herself. She surrenders and is allowed to go free by Otto. Willa departs for Montefeltro to join her husband.

Conflict & Security

  • December – Arab–Byzantine wars – Sack of Aleppo: A Byzantine expeditionary force under General Nikephoros Phokas invades northern Syria, and sacks Aleppo, capital of the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla. In late December Aleppo is taken by storm, with the population killed or enslaved; the city is razed. The Byzantine army takes possession of 390,000 silver dinars, 2,000 camels and 1,400 mules.source
  • Otto I takes his army to lay siege at San Giulio, an island within Lake Orta (Piedmont), where Queen Willa (the wife of King Berengar II) has barricaded herself. She surrenders and is allowed to go free by Otto. Willa departs for Montefeltro to join her husband.source
  • Otto I proceeds to lay siege to Lake Garda, where the sons of Berengar II, Guy of Ivrea and Adalbert II (co-ruler of Italy), and their supporters are holed up. Finding severe resistance, Otto gives up the enterprise and returns to Pavia, the capital of Lombardy.source
  • Fall – Otto I receives news that John XII has betrayed him and entered into intrigues with Berengar II, but also with the Byzantine Empire. The letters are intercepted by Pandulf I (Ironhead), Lombard prince of Benevento.source

Religion & Belief

  • February 2 – King Otto I (the Great) is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John XII at the Old St. Peter's Basilica, ending Rome's feudal anarchy. Otto's wife Adelaide is anointed as empress; the East Frankish Kingdom and the Kingdom of Italy are unified into a common realm, called the Roman Empire.source
  • February 13 – Otto I and John XII co-sign the Diploma Ottonianum, confirming John XII as the spiritual head of the Catholic Church. Otto recognizes John XII's secular control over the Papal States – by expanding the domain over the Exarchate of Ravenna, the Duchy of Spoleto, and the Duchy of Benevento.source
  • Summer – Otto I makes Oberto I, a margrave of the Obertenghi family, count palatine (a position second only to his own). He is granted the March of Obertenga (Eastern Liguria) and establishes his capital in Genoa. Oberto also receives the possessions of the Abbey of Bobbio (famous for its scriptorium).source
  • St. Paul's Cathedral in London is destroyed by fire, but rebuilt in the same year.source

Births

  • Bernard Roger, French nobleman (approximate date)source
  • Liu Mei, Chinese official and general (approximate date)source
  • Rogneda of Polotsk, Grand Princess of Kiev (d. 1002)source
  • Ibn Faradi, Moorish scholar and historian (d. 1012)source
  • Odilo of Cluny, French Benedictine abbot (d. 1049)source
  • Wang Qinruo, Chinese chancellor (approximate date)source
  • Geoffrey (or Godfrey), French nobleman (d. 1015)source
  • William of Volpiano, Italian abbot and architect (d. 1031)source
  • Edward II (the Martyr), king of England (approximate date)source

Deaths

  • April 26 – Adalbero I, bishop of Metzsource
  • May 23 – Guibert, Frankish abbot (b. 892)source
  • October 14 – Gerloc, Frankish noblewomansource
  • Ordoño IV, king of León (or 963)source
  • Liu Congxiao, Chinese general (b. 906)source
  • Æthelwald, ealdorman of East Angliasource
  • Hugh of Vermandois, Frankish archbishop (b. 920)source
  • Indulf, king of the Scots and Picts, dies after an 8-year reign. He is killed while fighting Vikings near Cullen, at the Battle of Bauds. Indulf is succeeded by his nephew Dub (Dub mac Maíl Coluim) as ruler of Scotland.source
  • Dong Yuan, Chinese painter (approximate date)source
  • Indulf (the Aggressor), king of Scotlandsource
  • Hamza al-Isfahani, Persian historian (approximate date)source
  • Charles Constantine, Frankish noblemansource
  • Sigurd Haakonsson, Norse Viking noblemansource
  • Gao Baoxu, king of Nanping (China) (b. 924)source