Directory

864 CE

Edict of Pistres: King Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings. He creates a large force of cavalry, which inspires the beginning of French chivalry. Pietro Tradonico dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by Orso I Participazio, who becomes doge of Venice. King Alfonso III conquers Porto from the Emirate of Cordoba. This is the end of the direct Muslim domination of the Douro region.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • July 25 – Edict of Pistres: King Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings. He creates a large force of cavalry, which inspires the beginning of French chivalry.source
  • Hasan ibn Zayd establishes the Zaydid Dynasty, and is recognized as ruler of Tabaristan (Northern Iran).source
  • King Alfonso III conquers Porto from the Emirate of Cordoba. This is the end of the direct Muslim domination of the Douro region.source

Conflict & Security

  • Viking raiders, led by Olaf the White, arrive in Scotland from the Viking settlement of Dublin (Ireland). He rampages the country, until his defeat in battle by King Constantine I.source
  • Pepin II joins the Vikings in an attack on Toulouse. He is captured while besieging the Frankish city. Pepin is deposed as king of Aquitaine, and imprisoned in Senlis.source
  • King Louis the German invades Moravia, crossing the Danube River to besiege the civitas Dowina (identified, although not unanimously, with Devín Castle in Slovakia).source
  • Robert the Strong, margrave of Neustria, attacks the Loire Vikings in a successful campaign. Other Viking raiders plunder the cities of Limoges and Clermont, in Aquitaine.source

Religion & Belief

  • Spring – Emperor Louis II (the Younger) marches with a Frankish army against Rome. While en route to the papal city, he becomes ill, and decides to make peace with Pope Nicholas I.source
  • The Christianization of Bulgaria begins: Boris I, Knyaz of the Bulgarian Empire, is converted to Orthodox Christianity. His family and high-ranking dignitaries accept the Orthodox faith at the capital, Pliska - from this point onwards the rulers of the Bulgarian Empire are known as ‘Tsars’ rather than ‘Khans’.source

Climate & Environment

  • Jōgan eruption (Japan): Mount Fuji, located on Honshu Island, erupts for 10 days.source

Births

  • Louis III, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 863)source
  • Yúnmén Wényǎn, Chinese Zen master (or 862)source
  • Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun, ruler of the Tulunid Dynasty (d. 896)source
  • Simeon I, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire (or 865)source
  • Gu Quanwu, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 931)source
  • Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Muslim scholar (d. 941)source

Deaths

  • September 13 – Pietro Tradonico dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by Orso I Participazio, who becomes doge of Venice.source
  • September 13 – Pietro Tradonico, doge of Venicesource
  • Ennin, Japanese priest and travelersource
  • Lorcán mac Cathail, king of Uisneach (Ireland)source
  • Bi Xian, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 802)source
  • Al-Fadl ibn Marwan, Muslim viziersource
  • Yahya ibn Umar, Muslim imam (or 865)source
  • Pei Xiu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 791)source
  • Al-Fadl ibn Qarin al-Tabari, Muslim governorsource
  • Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Jarjara'i, Muslim vizier (or 865)source
  • Sancho II, count of Gascony (approximate date)source
  • Arnold of Gascony, Frankish noblemansource
  • Hucbert, Frankish nobleman (b. 820)source
  • Trpimir I, duke (knez) of Croatiasource