863 CE
Dvin earthquake. It took place in the city of Dvin on 13 February, 863. During the 9th century, Dvin was the only "heavily populated" city in Muslim-dominated Armenia. The city was part of the wider Abbasid Caliphate, and had a multiethnic population. Battle of Lalakaon: A Byzantine army confronts an invasion by Muslim forces, led by Umar al-Aqta, Emir of Malatya. The Muslims raid deep into Byzantine territory, reaching the Black Sea coast at the port city of Amisos. Petronas annihilates the Arabs near the River Lalakaon, in Paphlagonia (modern Turkey). Duan Chengshi, Chinese author and scholar, writes about the Chinese maritime trade and the Arab-run slave trade in East Africa.
Conflict & Security
- September 3 – Battle of Lalakaon: A Byzantine army confronts an invasion by Muslim forces, led by Umar al-Aqta, Emir of Malatya. The Muslims raid deep into Byzantine territory, reaching the Black Sea coast at the port city of Amisos. Petronas annihilates the Arabs near the River Lalakaon, in Paphlagonia (modern Turkey).source
- King Osberht of Northumbria engages in a dispute for royal power, with a rival claimant named Ælla. After Osberht is replaced, Ælla wields power in Northumbria, but the civil war continues.source
- The Byzantine Empire invades Bulgaria in order to impose Orthodox Christianity on Boris I.source
- King Louis the German suppresses the revolt of his son Carloman (for the second time), who wants a partition (mainly of Bavaria) of the East Frankish Kingdom.source
Exploration & Expansion
- The Byzantine missionaries Cyril and Methodius arrive with a few disciples in Moravia, by request of Prince Rastislav.source
- Viking raiders again plunder Dorestad (modern Netherlands), a Frankish port on the mouth of the river Rhine. It thereafter disappears from the chronicles.source
- Danish Vikings loot along the Rhine. They settle on an island near Cologne, but are driven off by the combined forces of Lothair II and the Saxons.source
- Duan Chengshi, Chinese author and scholar, writes about the Chinese maritime trade and the Arab-run slave trade in East Africa.source
Religion & Belief
- Nicholas I excommunicates Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople.source
- The Christianization of Kievan Rus begins, ceasing the 63-year-long dominance of the Rus' Khaganate (approximate date).source
- Pope Nicholas I sends archbishops Gunther and Theotgaud to a synod of Metz, which confirms the permission given to King Lothair II of Lotharingia to remarry.source
Science & Discovery
- The first written record is made of Smolensk (according to the Primary Chronicle).source
Climate & Environment
- 13 February – Dvin earthquake. It took place in the city of Dvin on 13 February, 863. During the 9th century, Dvin was the only "heavily populated" city in Muslim-dominated Armenia. The city was part of the wider Abbasid Caliphate, and had a multiethnic population.source
Births
Deaths
- January 25 – Emperor Louis II claims Provence, after the death of his brother Charles. King Lothair II receives Lower Burgundy and a part of the Jura Mountains.source
- January 25 – Charles of Provence, Frankish king (b. 845)source
- June 4 – Charles, archbishop of Mainzsource
- June 6 – Abu Musa Utamish, Muslim viziersource
- October 4 – Turpio, Frankish noblemansource
- Duan Chengshi, Chinese official and scholarsource
- Daniél ua Líahaiti, Irish abbot and poetsource
- Umar al-Aqta, emir of Melitenesource
- Bivin of Gorze, Frankish noblemansource
- Mucel, bishop of Hereford (approximate date)source
- Yahya ibn Muhammad, Idrisid emir of Moroccosource
- Muirecán mac Diarmata, king of Leinstersource
- Karbeas, leader of the Paulicianssource
- Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani, Muslim governorsource