Directory

629 CE

Shahrbaraz usurps the throne of the Sasanian Empire from Ardashir III, but is himself deposed forty days later by nobility in favour of Borandukht. Khosrow III briefly rules Khorasan in the confusion, until he is assassinated by the governor of the province. June – Battle of Khaybar: Muhammad and his followers defeat the Jews living in the fortified oasis at Khaybar, located 150 kilometers from Medina. Battle of Mu'tah: The Muslims fail to take the lands east of the Jordan River, and are pushed back near Mu'tah by the Ghassanids.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • Emperor Jomei succeeds his great aunt, empress Suiko, and ascends to the throne of Japan.source
  • Heraclius styles himself as Basileus, Greek word for "sovereign", and takes the ancient title of "King of Kings", after his victory over Persia.source

Conflict & Security

  • April 27 – Shahrbaraz usurps the throne of the Sasanian Empire from Ardashir III, but is himself deposed forty days later by nobility in favour of Borandukht. Khosrow III briefly rules Khorasan in the confusion, until he is assassinated by the governor of the province.source
  • May–June – Battle of Khaybar: Muhammad and his followers defeat the Jews living in the fortified oasis at Khaybar, located 150 kilometers from Medina.source
  • September – Battle of Mu'tah: The Muslims fail to take the lands east of the Jordan River, and are pushed back near Mu'tah by the Ghassanids.source
  • September – Jerusalem is reconquered by the Byzantines (after 15 years of occupation), from the Persian Empire.source
  • Winter – Emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty launches a campaign against the Eastern Turkic Khaganate (Central Asia).source
  • Charibert II, half-brother of Dagobert I, becomes king of Aquitaine (Southern France), and establishes his capital at Toulouse. Charibert's realm also includes Agen, Cahors, and Périgueux.source
  • Battle of Fid Eoin: King Connad Cerr of Dál Riata is killed by the Dál nAraidi of the over-kingdom of Ulaid in north-eastern Ireland (approximate date).source

Exploration & Expansion

  • Summer – Muhammad, Islamic unifies all nomadic tribes of the Arabian Peninsula, converts them to Islam and prepares an expedition against the Jews.source
  • The Maya military outpost of Dos Pilas (Guatemala) is founded, in order to control trade routes in the Petexbatún region. Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil is installed as its leader by his father, K'inich Muwaan Jol II, the ruler of Tikal.source
  • Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk, sets out for India from the Tang dynasty capital Chang'an on a pilgrimage.source

Religion & Belief

  • Muhammad meets Al-Khansa', Arabic poet, and converts her to Islam.source

Culture & Society

  • September 14 – Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph. In a ceremonial parade, accompanied by the True Cross, he is welcomed by the citizens and his son Heraclius Constantine.source

Births

  • Dōshō, Japanese Buddhist monk (d. 700)source

Deaths

  • Eustace of Luxeuil, Frankish abbotsource
  • Pei Ji, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 570)source
  • Conall mac Máele Dúib, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source
  • Jafar ibn Abi Talib, companion of Muhammad and older brother of Ali ibn Abi Talibsource
  • Kinana ibn al-Rabi, Jewish leadersource
  • Connad Cerr, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)source
  • Eochaid Buide, king of Dál Riatasource
  • Chlothar II, king of the Frankssource
  • King Chlothar II dies after a 16-year reign, and is succeeded by his son Dagobert I. Counseled by Bishop Arnulf of Metz and Pepin of Landen (Mayor of the Palace), he moves the capital to Paris.source