Directory

628 CE

Khosrau II, the last great king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. Brahmagupta writes the Brāmasphuțasiddhānta, an early, yet very advanced, math book. The Shariah enjoins women as well as men to obtain secular and religious educations. It forbids eating pork, domesticated donkey, and other flesh denied to Jews by Mosaic law (approximate date).

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • Muhammad, Islamic prophet, leads about 1,400 men on a pilgrimage to Mecca where their passage is blocked. The Quraysh tribe and the Muslim community in Medina sign a 10 year truce (Treaty of Hudaybiyyah).source

Conflict & Security

  • February 25 – Khosrau II, the last great king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.source
  • Third Perso-Turkic War: The Western Göktürks under their leader Tong Yabghu Qaghan plunder Tbilisi (modern Georgia). The Persian defenders are executed or mutilated, Tong Yabghu appoints governors (tuduns) to manage various tribes under his overlordship.source
  • Battle of Cirencester: King Penda of Mercia defeats the West Saxons at Cirencester (South West England) in what later will be Gloucestershire. After reaching an agreement, he takes control of the Severn Valley and the minor kingdom of the Hwicce.source

Religion & Belief

  • Muhammad's letters to world leaders explain the principles of the new monotheistic Muslim faith, as they will be contained in his book, the Quran.source
  • The Shariah enjoins women as well as men to obtain secular and religious educations. It forbids eating pork, domesticated donkey, and other flesh denied to Jews by Mosaic law (approximate date).source

Science & Discovery

  • Brahmagupta writes the Brāmasphuțasiddhānta, an early, yet very advanced, math book.source

Health & Medicine

  • September 6 – Ardashir III, age 7, succeeds his father Kavadh II as the twenty-fourth king of the Sasanian Empire on the latter's death from plague.source

Births

  • Gao Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (d. 683)source
  • Adomnán, Irish abbot and hagiographer (d. 704)source
  • John Maron, Syriac monk and patriarch (d. 707)source
  • Benedict Biscop, Anglo-Saxon abbot (d. 690)source

Deaths

  • January 22 – Anastasius of Persia, monksource
  • February 28 – Khosrau II, king of the Persian Empiresource
  • April 15 – Suiko, empress of Japansource
  • June 3 – Liang Shidu, rebel leadersource
  • September 6 – Kavadh II, king of the Persian Empiresource
  • Shirin, wife of Khosrau II (approximate date)source
  • Tong Yabghu Qaghan, ruler of the Göktürkssource
  • Theodelinda, queen of the Lombardssource
  • Babai the Great, church father and theologiansource
  • Du Yan, chancellor of the Tang dynastysource
  • Suibne Menn, High King of Irelandsource
  • Li Dashi, Chinese official and historian (b. 570)source