Directory

1835 CE

Matua, High Priest (taura tupua) of the Polynesian island of Mangareva, is baptized into the Roman Catholic Church. The Bertelsmann company is founded by Carl Bertelsmann as a religious printer and publisher in Prussia. Two London men, James Pratt and John Smith, are hanged in front of Newgate Prison in London, after a conviction of buggery. They are the last to suffer capital punishment for homosexual acts in England.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • February 1 – Slavery is finally abolished in British-administered Mauritius, with compensation to slaveowners.source
  • March 2 – Ferdinand becomes Emperor of Austria.source
  • April 18 – Lord Melbourne succeeds Sir Robert Peel as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.source
  • May 5 – Braulio Carrillo is sworn in as Head of State of Costa Rica.source
  • May 23 – The Mexican State of Aguascalientes is formed, by decree of President Antonio López de Santa Anna.source
  • October 28 – The United Tribes of New Zealand is founded at Waitangi, with the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand.source
  • December 7 – Future U.S. President James K. Polk becomes Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.source
  • December 20 – The Texas Declaration of Independence is signed by American residents rebelling against Mexico at Goliad, Texas.source
  • December 29 – The Treaty of New Echota is signed between the United States Government and representatives of the Cherokee Nation.source
  • English becomes the official language of India.source
  • Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes Caudillo of Argentina.source
  • The French word for their language changes to français, from françois.source

Conflict & Security

  • January 24 – Malê Revolt: African slaves of Yoruba Muslim origin revolt against Brazilian owners at Salvador, Bahia.source
  • January 30 – Attempted assassination of Andrew Jackson: The first assassination attempt against a President of the United States is carried out against President Andrew Jackson at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., by English-born delusional unemployed house painter Richard Lawrence; the attempt fails when his pistols misfire due to humidity.source
  • July 28 – An assassination attempt against King Louis Philippe I of France is attempted by Giuseppe Marco Fieschi, who uses a home-made volley gun and kills 10 people. The King escapes with a minor wound.source
  • September 20 – The Ragamuffin War begins in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.source
  • October 2 – The Texas Revolution – Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.source
  • October 28 – Texas Revolution – Battle of Concepción: The Texian Army defeats the Mexicans.source
  • December 5 – Start of Moriori genocide, the killing and enslavement of the indigenous people of the Chatham Islands by 500 Māori people from New Zealand.source
  • December 9 – The Army of the Republic of Texas captures San Antonio.source
  • December 28 — The Second Seminole War, led by Seminole Chief Osceola breaks out in the U.S. state of Florida.source
  • Fort Cass is established, the military headquarters and site of the largest internment camps during the 1838 Trail of Tears.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as a scientist.source
  • August 30 – European settlers, landing on the north banks of the Yarra River in Victoria, Australia, found the settlement of Melbourne.source
  • September 7 – Charles Darwin arrives at the Galápagos Islands, aboard .source
  • The British East India Company negotiates a lease of the Darjeeling area west of the Mahananda River, from the Kingdom of Sikkim.source

Religion & Belief

  • May 11 – Matua, High Priest (taura tupua) of the Polynesian island of Mangareva, is baptized into the Roman Catholic Church.source
  • July 14 – The universal Catholic Apostolic Church is organized, initially in the U.K.source
  • August – H. Fox Talbot exposes the world's first known photographic negatives, at Lacock Abbey in England.source
  • David Strauss begins publication of Das Leben Jessu, kritisch bearbeitet ("The life of Jesus, critically examined") in Tübingen.source

Economy & Finance

  • January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history.source
  • July – The Bertelsmann company is founded by Carl Bertelsmann as a religious printer and publisher in Prussia.source
  • December 16– The Great Fire of New York begins and lasts until the next day, destroying 530 buildings, including the New York Stock Exchange.source
  • The British Geological Survey is founded, as the world's first national geological survey.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • May 5 – The first railway in continental Europe is opened between Brussels and Mechelen in Belgium.source
  • June 1 – Kingston Penitentiary opens in Kingston, Ontario.source
  • November 12 – Construction is completed on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull.source
  • December 7 – The Bavarian Ludwig Railway opens between Nuremberg and Fürth, with a train hauled by the English-built Der Adler ("The Eagle"), the first railway in Germany.source
  • December 21 – The Raleigh and Gaston Railroad is chartered in Raleigh, North Carolina.source
  • The Cachar Levy, forerunner of the Assam Rifles, is founded in India.source
  • Charles-Louis Havas creates Havas, the first news agency in the world (which later spawns Agence France-Presse).source

Science & Discovery

  • August 25 – In the U.S., The New York Sun prints the first of six installments of the Great Moon Hoax.source
  • November 16 – Halley's Comet reaches perihelion, its closest approach to the Sun.source

Crime & Justice

  • November 27 – Two London men, James Pratt and John Smith, are hanged in front of Newgate Prison in London, after a conviction of buggery. They are the last to suffer capital punishment for homosexual acts in England.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • May 13 – At least 224 people, most of them female convicts being transported from Cork, Ireland, to Australia, are drowned when the British barque Neva is wrecked in the Bass Strait. Only 15 people survive.source

Climate & Environment

  • January 26 – Saint Paul's in Macau is largely destroyed by fire after a typhoon hits.source
  • February 20 – 1835 Concepción earthquake: Concepción, Chile, is destroyed by an earthquake. The resulting tsunami destroys the neighboring city of Talcahuano.source
  • Civil war erupts in Uruguay, between supporters of the Blanco and Colorado parties.source

Culture & Society

  • March 23 – The Academia Mexicana de la Lengua (Mexican Academy of Language) is established.source
  • May 8 – Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales Told for Children. First Collection. is first published.source
  • July 25 – James Bowman Lindsay demonstrates a constant electric light at a public meeting in Dundee, Scotland.source
  • August 28 – St. Vincent's Ecclesiastical Seminary, a predecessor of Castleknock College, is founded by the Vincentian community in Dublin, Ireland.source
  • September 19 – William Lloyd Garrison publishes Angelina Grimké's anti-slavery letter in The Liberator.source
  • October 3 – The Staedtler Company (pencil manufacturers) is founded by J. S. Staedtler in Nuremberg, Germany.source
  • The first Bulgarian-language school opens in the Ottoman Empire.source
  • Edward Strutt Abdy publishes his Journal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America: From April, 1833, to October 1834.source
  • The first Egyptian Museum in Cairo opened.source

Births

  • February 15 – Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president (d. 1908)source
  • May 18 – Charles N. Sims, American Methodist preacher, third chancellor of Syracuse University (d. 1908)source
  • June 12 – George Atzerodt, conspirator with John Wilkes Booth, assigned to assassinate Vice President Andrew Johnson (d. 1865)source
  • June 23 – Fanny Eaton, Jamaican-born artists model and domestic worker (d. 1924)source
  • July 27 – Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)source
  • July 30 – Edmund Francis Dunne, American politician, jurist, and Catholic orator (d. 1904)source
  • August 19 – Tom Wills, Australian cricketer, pioneer of Australian rules football (d. 1880)source
  • September 1 – Raphael Kalinowski, Polish Discalced Carmelite friar, saint (d. 1907)source
  • October 9 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)source
  • October 23 – Adlai Stevenson I, American lawyer and politician, 23rd Vice President of the United States (d. 1914)source
  • October 31 – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)source
  • November 6 – Cesare Lombroso, Italian criminologist (d. 1909)source
  • November 19 – Matilda Carse, Irish-born American businesswoman, social reformer (d. 1917)source
  • December 4 – Samuel Butler, English writer (d. 1902)source

Deaths

  • January 26 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Auguste de Beauharnais, 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg, in Lisbon; he dies only two months later.source
  • February 8 – Guillaume Dupuytren, French anatomist, military surgeon (b. 1777)source
  • March 28 – Auguste de Beauharnais, Prince consort of Queen Maria II of Portugal (b. 1810)source
  • March 30 – Richard Sharp, English hat-maker, banker, merchant, poet, critic, Member of Parliament, and conversationalistsource
  • April 8 – Wilhelm von Humboldt, German linguist, philosopher (b. 1767)source
  • April 10 – Magdalene of Canossa, Italian Catholic religious professed, saint (b. 1774)source
  • May 13 – John Nash, English architect (b. 1752)source
  • June 18 – William Cobbett, English journalist, author (b. 1763)source
  • July 6 – John Marshall, influential American Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1755)source
  • July 15 – Izabela Czartoryska, Polish magnate princess (b. 1746)source
  • September 23 – Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (b. 1801)source
  • November 14 – James Freeman, first American clergyman to call himself a Unitarian (b. 1759)source
  • November 29 – Princess Catharina of Württemberg, wife of Jérôme Bonaparte (b. 1783)source
  • December 22 – David Hosack, American physician and educator, attending doctor at the Hamilton-Burr duel (b. 1769)source