Directory

1828 CE

The Cherokee Phœnix, the earliest newspaper published by Native Americans in the United States and in one of their indigenous languages, Cherokee, is first issued in New Echota. The Sacramental Test Act in the United Kingdom removes most prohibitions on nonconformists and Catholics holding public office. In South America, the Empire of Brazil and United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (modern-day Argentina) recognize the independence of Uruguay, causing the end of the Cisplatine War. Simón Bolívar declares himself dictator of Gran Colombia.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, succeeds the Comte de Villèle as Prime Minister of France.source
  • January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organized.source
  • January 22 – Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, succeeds Lord Goderich as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.source
  • February 21 – The Cherokee Phœnix, the earliest newspaper published by Native Americans in the United States and in one of their indigenous languages, Cherokee, is first issued in New Echota.source
  • March 3 – Dom Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil and former King of Portugal, signs a document "to complete my abdication of the Portuguese crown" (made in 1826), to renounce all claims in favor of his daughter Queen Maria II, and to declare "indubitable proof" that he wishes Portugal to be "perpetually separated from the Brazilian nation....in such a manner as may render even the idea of reunion impracticable."source
  • April 11 – The city of Bahía Blanca in modern-day Argentina is founded.source
  • April 26 – The Treaty of Commerce and Navigation is signed between Brazil and Denmark, establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries.source
  • August 27 – In South America, the Empire of Brazil and United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (modern-day Argentina) recognize the independence of Uruguay, causing the end of the Cisplatine War. Simón Bolívar declares himself dictator of Gran Colombia.source
  • October 4 – Uruguay gains independence from Brazil.source
  • November 11 – Greek War of Independence: the London Protocol entails the creation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty encompassing the Morea and the Cyclades.source
  • December 3 – 1828 United States presidential election: Andrew Jackson is elected President of the United States, defeating incumbent John Quincy Adams in a landslide.source

Conflict & Security

  • February 10 – Black War: Cape Grim massacre – About 30 Aboriginal Tasmanians gathering food at a beach are probably ambushed, shot with muskets and killed by four indentured "servants" (or convicts) employed as shepherds for the Van Diemen's Land Company as part of a series of reprisal attacks, with the bodies of some of the men thrown from a 60 metre (200 ft) cliff.source
  • March 18 – Simón Bolívar, President of Colombia (and former President of Venezuela, Peru and Bolivia), departs from the capital at Bogotá in order to help his ally, General José Antonio Páez, suppress an uprising near the Venezuelan border, but is sidetracked by another rebellion in Cartagena.source
  • April 26 – Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Russo-Turkish War.source
  • May 21 – Antonio José de Sucre tries to invade Paraguay, reaching the northern city of Fuerte Olimpo, but the planned invasion is immediately cancelled.source
  • June 3 – Gran Colombia–Peru War: Gran Colombia's President Simón Bolívar declares war on Peru.source
  • June 23 – King Miguel I of Portugal overthrows his niece, Queen Maria II, beginning the Liberal Wars.source
  • August 28 – Russian forces succeed in the Battle of Akhaltsikhe against the Ottomans, capturing the fortress after an 8-day siege.source
  • September 29 – Russo-Turkish War (1828–29): Varna is taken by the Russian army.source
  • November 12 – Anouvong, ruler of the Kingdom of Vientiane, is deposed and the kingdom is annexed by Siam. During the war, the city of Vientiane is obliterated by Siamese forces.source
  • December 1 – Decembrist revolution (Argentina): Juan Lavalle, returning to Buenos Aires with troops that fought in the Cisplatine War, deposes the provincial governor Manuel Dorrego, reigniting the Argentine Civil Wars.source
  • December 9 – An attempt to assassinate Gran Colombia's President Simon Bolívar fails while he is visiting Jamaica. Bolivar accepts a last-minute invitation to be elsewhere and his servant, hired by the Spanish royal government to kill Bolivar, kills Bolivar's paymaster by mistake.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • April 18 – Ornithologist Carl Julian (von) Graba lands in the little-studied Faroe Islands for a three-month visit to research the bird life.source
  • April 20 – French explorer René Caillié becomes the first non-Muslim to enter Timbuktu and later return alive.source
  • October 26 – English naturalist and explorer William John Burchell collects the only known specimen of Parabouchetia brasiliensis, an exceptionally rare member of the nightshade family Solanaceae, in central Brazil.source

Economy & Finance

  • The Cornwall Bank, earliest constituent of ANZ bank in Australasia, is formed in Launceston, Van Diemens Land.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • Ányos Jedlik creates the world's first electric motor.source

Science & Discovery

  • Friedrich Wöhler synthesizes urea, possibly discrediting a cornerstone of vitalism.source

Health & Medicine

  • February 19 – The Boston Society for Medical Improvement is established in the United States.source
  • December 20 – The U.S. State of Georgia legislature charters the Medical Academy of Georgia, which becomes the Medical College of Georgia, and authorizes it to award a Bachelor of Medicine degree, making it the 13th oldest U.S. medical school and the sixth public medical school to be established.source

Crime & Justice

  • May 26 – The supposed feral child Kaspar Hauser is discovered in Nuremberg, Germany.source
  • August 11 – William Corder is hanged at Bury St Edmunds, England, for the murder of Maria Marten at the Red Barn a year earlier.source

Climate & Environment

  • September 17 – 1828 Siebold typhoon: A typhoon kills approximately 10,000 people in Kyūshū, Japan.source
  • December 28 – The province of Echigo, Japan, is hit by a 6.8 magnitude earthquake, killing more than 1,500 people.source

Culture & Society

  • April 27 – The London Zoo opens for members of the Zoological Society of London as the first scientific zoo in the United Kingdom.source
  • May 9 – The Sacramental Test Act in the United Kingdom removes most prohibitions on nonconformists and Catholics holding public office.source
  • July 4 – Lord William Bentinck arrives at Calcutta (modern-day Kolkata) to begin his administration as the new Governor-General of India, on behalf of King George IV of the United Kingdom.source
  • July 5 – The British weekly The Spectator is founded by Robert Rintoul as a radical magazine.source
  • October 26 – The Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria is established in Russia to maintain the charitable institutions previously under the patronage of the late Empress.source
  • December 30 – Publication (begun on January 14) of Franz Schubert's song cycle Winterreise is concluded posthumously.source

Births

  • January 23 – Saigō Takamori, Japanese samurai (d. 1877)source
  • March 17 – Patrick Cleburne, Irish soldier, Confederate general (d. 1864)source
  • March 18 – Sir Randal Cremer, English politician, pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1908)source
  • March 24 – Horace Gray, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1902)source
  • April 17 – Johanna Mestorf, German prehistoric archaeologist (d. 1909)source
  • April 20 – Josephine Butler, British social reformer (d. 1906)source
  • May 8 – Henry Dunant, Swiss founder of the Red Cross, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1910)source
  • May 12 – Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet, painter (d. 1882)source
  • August 6 – Andrew Taylor Still, American father of osteopathy (d. 1917)source
  • August 25 – Jane Stanford, American philanthropist, co-founder of Stanford University, first lady of California (d. 1905)source
  • August 28 – William A. Hammond, American military physician, neurologist and 11th Surgeon General of the United States Army (1862–1864) (d. 1900)source
  • September 8 – Joshua Chamberlain, Governor of Maine, President of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine (d. 1914)source
  • November 19 – Rani Lakshmibai, queen of the Maratha-ruled princely Indian state of Jhansi (d. 1858)source
  • November 24 – Henry Lomb, German-American optician, co-founder of Bausch & Lomb (d. 1908)source

Deaths

  • January 10 – François de Neufchâteau, French politician, intellectual (b. 1750)source
  • February 11 – DeWitt Clinton, 6th Governor of New York, United States Senator (b. 1769)source
  • April 16 – Francisco Goya, Spanish painter (b. 1746)source
  • May 8 – Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (b. 1781)source
  • May 16 – William Congreve, British rocket pioneer (b. 1772)source
  • June 1 – Lyncoya Jackson, second adopted son of American President Andrew Jackson (b. c. 1811)source
  • June 25 – Richard W. Meade, American merchant and art collector (b. 1762)source
  • July 9 – Gilbert Stuart, American painter from Rhode Island (b. 1755)source
  • July 21 – Charles Manners-Sutton, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1755)source
  • September 22 – Shaka, most influential leader of the Zulu Kingdom (b. 1787)source
  • October 26 – Albrecht Thaer, German agronomist (b. 1752)source
  • November 5 – Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg), Empress of Paul I of Russia (b. 1759)source
  • November 19 – Franz Schubert, Austrian composer and songwriter (b. 1797)source
  • December 22 – Rachel Jackson, wife of U.S. President Andrew Jackson (b. 1767)source