Directory

1825 CE

History of Brisbane: The Australian city of Brisbane is founded. The Lady Margaret Boat Club is founded by 12 members of St John's College, Cambridge. December – Dispute between the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and the Empire of Brazil over the Banda Oriental region leads to the Cisplatine War.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • February 9 – After no presidential candidate receives a majority of United States Electoral College votes following the 1824 United States presidential election, the United States House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams President of the United States in a contingent election.source
  • February 12 – Second Treaty of Indian Springs: The Creek cede the last of their lands in Georgia to the United States government and migrate west.source
  • April 17 – Charles X of France recognizes Haiti, 21 years after it expelled the French following the successful Haitian Revolution, and demands the payment of 150 million gold francs, 30 million of which Haiti must finance through France itself, as down payment.source
  • May – History of Brisbane: The Australian city of Brisbane is founded.source
  • June 2 – The United States Senate ratifies the treaties with the Great Osage and the Little Osage tribes.source
  • June 3 – The U.S. Senate ratifies the treaty with the Kansas tribe.source
  • June 9 – The U.S. Senate ratifies the treaty with the Poncas tribe.source
  • July 6 – A new Combinations of Workmen Act in the United Kingdom makes trade unions legal according to narrowly defined principles.source
  • July 6 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Cheyenne tribe.source
  • July 16 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Hunkpapa tribe.source
  • July 18 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Ricara tribes.source
  • July 30 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Mandan, Belantae, Eloa and Minnetaree tribes.source
  • August 4 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Ricara tribes.source
  • August 6 – Bolivia gains its independence from Spain as a republic, at the instigation of Simón Bolívar.source
  • August 11 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Crow tribe.source
  • August 25 – Uruguay is declared independent of the Empire of Brazil by the Thirty-Three Orientals, a militant revolutionary group led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja.source
  • September 26 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Missouri and Ottoe tribes.source
  • September 30 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Pawnee tribe.source
  • November 7 – The U.S. Senate ratifies the treaty with the Shawnee tribe.source
  • November 15 – King Joao VI of Portugal promulgates a law recognizing his eldest son, Dom Pedro, as the Emperor of Brazil.source

Conflict & Security

  • June 15 – A rebellion is started by 200 slaves in the Guamacaro region of Cuba, and is suppressed after 12 hours; in the ensuing months, most who were not killed in the battle will be hunted down and killed.source
  • July 20 – A skirmish takes place between Dutch-Yogyakartan forces and Javanese rebels, triggering the Java War.source
  • September 25 – General Hendrik Merkus de Kock lifts the siege of Jogjakarta, the first major action of the Java War.source
  • October–December – Dispute between the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and the Empire of Brazil over the Banda Oriental region leads to the Cisplatine War.source
  • December 9 – The British began the Siege of Bharatpur (1825–1826) in India.source
  • December 26 (O.S.)/December 14 (N.S.) – Some Imperial Russian Army officers stage the Decembrist revolt against Nicholas's accession in Saint Petersburg, but it is thoroughly suppressed by the government.source
  • London becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Beijing.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • July 30 – Malden Island (an uninhabited island in the central Pacific Ocean) is discovered by George Byron, 7th Baron Byron.source
  • Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan is founded as a mudfort on the Silk Roadsource

Religion & Belief

  • February 10 – Simón Bolívar gives up his title of dictator of Peru and takes the alternative title of El Libertador.source
  • May 26 – Two Unitarian Christian bodies, the American Unitarian Association in the United States and the British and Foreign Unitarian Association in the United Kingdom are founded, coincidentally on the same date.source
  • May 29 – The Coronation of Charles X takes place at the historic site of Reims Cathedral, the last coronation of a French monarch.source

Economy & Finance

  • March 17 – The Norfolk & Dedham Group is founded as The Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Company in the United States.source
  • August 18 – Scottish adventurer Gregor MacGregor issues a £300,000 loan with 2.5% interest, through the London bank of Thomas Jenkins & Company, for the fictitious Central American republic of Poyais. His actions led to the Panic of 1825, the first modern stock market crash, in England.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • September 27 – The world's first modern railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, opens in England.source
  • October 26 – The Erie Canal opens, providing passage from Albany, New York to Buffalo and Lake Erie.source
  • Hans Christian Ørsted reduces aluminium chloride to produce metallic aluminium.source
  • The first horse-drawn omnibuses established in London.source
  • The Fort Vancouver trading post is established on the lower Columbia River by the Hudson's Bay Company.source
  • The United States Postal Service starts a dead letter office.source

Science & Discovery

  • February 10 – Gideon Mantell names and describes the second known dinosaur Iguanodon.source

Crime & Justice

  • March 5 – Capture of the sloop Anne: Roberto Cofresí, one of the last successful pirates in the Caribbean, is defeated by an international naval force.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • October 21 – PS Comet II sinks off Gourock (Scotland) with the loss of 62 lives.source
  • Minh Mạng outlaws the teaching of Christianity in Vietnam.source

Climate & Environment

  • February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes an island after a flood drowns its 1 km mi wide isthmus.source
  • October 7 – The Miramichi Fire, a forest fire, breaks out in New Brunswick (Canada).source

Culture & Society

  • August 22 – The National Mexican Rite is created in Mexico City.source
  • September – The Lady Margaret Boat Club is founded by 12 members of St John's College, Cambridge.source
  • December 1 (O.S.)/November 19 (N.S.) – Nicholas I of Russia succeeds his older brother Alexander I.source

Births

  • January 11 – Clement V. Rogers, Cherokee politician, father of Will Rogers (d. 1911)source
  • January 25 – George Pickett, American Confederate general (d. 1876)source
  • March 13 – Hans Gude, Norwegian romanticist landscape painter (d. 1903)source
  • April 11 – Ferdinand Lassalle, Prussian-German philosopher, socialist and politician (d. 1864)source
  • May 9 – George Davidson, English-born geodesist, astronomer, geographer, surveyor, and engineer in the United States (d. 1911)source
  • August 31 – Robert Dunsmuir, Scottish industrialist, politician (d. 1889)source
  • September 4 – Dadabhai Naoroji, Indian politician (d. 1917)source
  • September 17 – Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1893)source
  • October 11 – Maria Firmina dos Reis, Brazilian abolitionist and author (d. 1917)source
  • October 13 – Charles Frederick Worth, English-born fashion designer, father of haute couture (d. 1895)source
  • November 9 – A. P. Hill, American Confederate general (d. 1865)source
  • November 29 – Jean-Martin Charcot, French physician, neurologist (d. 1893)source
  • November 30 – William-Adolphe Bouguereau, French painter and educator (d. 1905)source
  • December 18 – Mariano Ignacio Prado, Peruvian general and statesman, twice President of Peru (d. 1901)source

Deaths

  • January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis.source
  • March 1 – John Brooks (governor), Massachusetts doctor, military officer, governor (b. 1752)source
  • March 4 – Hercules Mulligan, tailor, spy during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1740)source
  • March 27 – Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres, British Army general (b. 1752)source
  • May 13 – Charles Whitworth, 1st Earl Whitworth, British diplomat (b. 1752)source
  • May 19 – Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon, French politician (b. 1760)source
  • May 22 – Laskarina Bouboulina, Greek independence fighter, heroine (shot) (b. 1771)source
  • June 11 – Daniel D. Tompkins, 6th Vice President of the United States (b. 1774)source
  • June 14 – Pierre Charles L'Enfant, French architect (b. 1754)source
  • July 15 – David Ochterlony, Massachusetts-born general with the East India Company (b. 1758)source
  • August 16 – Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, American politician, soldier (b. 1746)source
  • September 29 – Daniel Shays, American Revolutionary War captain, also the leader of the Shays's Rebellion (b. 1747)source
  • December 28 – James Wilkinson, American soldier, statesman (b. 1757)source
  • December 29 – Jacques-Louis David, French painter (b. 1748)source