Directory

1795 CE

The University of North Carolina opens to students at Chapel Hill, becoming the first state university in the United States. War of the First Coalition: Flanders campaign: The French occupy Utrecht, Netherlands. Wold Cottage meteorite: A meteorite falls at Wold Newton, a hamlet in Yorkshire in England. This meteorite fall is subsequently used as a literary premise by science fiction writer Philip José Farmer, as the basis for the Wold Newton family.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 19 – The Batavian Republic is proclaimed in Amsterdam, ending the Dutch Republic (Republic of the Seven United Netherlands).source
  • February 7 – The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed.source
  • April 5 – The Peace of Basel is signed, between France and Prussia.source
  • April 23 – Sweden becomes the first monarchy to recognize the French Republic - Swedish ambassador introduced into the French Convention.source
  • June 24 – The United States Senate ratifies the Jay Treaty with Great Britain.source
  • July 22 – The Second Treaty of Basel is signed between the French First Republic and Spain, ending the War of the Pyrenees. Spain cedes its half of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola to France.source
  • August 3 – The signing of the Treaty of Greenville puts an end to the Northwest Indian War.source
  • August 14 – President Washington signs the Jay Treaty with Britain on behalf of the United States.source
  • August 22 – French Revolution: The Constitution of the Year III is ratified by the National Convention.source
  • August 28 – The Third Treaty of Basel is signed, between the French First Republic and the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel.source
  • September 5 – The United States signs a treaty with the Dey of Algiers, ruled by Baba Hassan, pledging the payment of $23,000 a year tribute to prevent piracy against American ships.source
  • September 28 – The Alliance of St Petersburg is formed between Britain, Russia and Austria against France.source
  • October 1 – The Austrian Netherlands is annexed to the French Republic, as the Belgian departments.source
  • October 20 – The United States signs a treaty with Spain, opening commerce along the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico, and establishing boundaries between U.S. territory and Spanish Florida.source
  • October 24 – The Third Partition of Poland is made, dividing the territory of the Commonwealth of Poland between the Habsburg monarchy, Prussia and the Russian Empire. On November 25, Stanisław August Poniatowski formally abdicates as last King of Poland.source
  • October 27 – The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, which establishes the boundaries between Spanish colonies and the U.S.source
  • November 2 – French Revolution: The French Directory takes power; the influence of the Sans-culottes declines.source

Conflict & Security

  • January 16 – War of the First Coalition: Flanders campaign: The French occupy Utrecht, Netherlands.source
  • January 18 – Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam: William V, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic (Republic of the Seven United Netherlands), flees the country.source
  • January 20 – French troops enter Amsterdam.source
  • January 23 – Flanders campaign: Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder: The Dutch fleet, frozen in Zuiderzee, is captured by the French 8th Hussars.source
  • March 13–14 – War of the First Coalition Battle of Genoa: The British and Neapolitan fleets are victorious over the French.source
  • May 1 – Unification of Hawai‘i: Battle of Nuʻuanu: Kamehameha I of the Island of Hawaii defeats the Oahuans, solidifying his control of the major islands of the archipelago and officially founding the Kingdom of Hawaii.source
  • May 31 – French Revolution: Revolutionary Tribunal suppressed.source
  • May–June – The Battle of Richmond Hill is fought in the colony of New South Wales, between the Darug people and British colonial forces.source
  • June 16–17 – War of the First Coalition: Cornwallis's Retreat – A British Royal Navy battle squadron commanded by William Cornwallis fends off a numerically superior French Navy fleet, off the coast of Brittany.source
  • June 27 – War of the First Coalition:source
  • August 17 – A large slave rebellion occurs in Curaçao, suppressed the following month.source
  • August 25 – British forces capture Trincomalee, Ceylon.source
  • September 11 – Battle of Krtsanisi: The Persian emperor Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar defeats the forces of Heraclius II of Georgia.source
  • September 15 – French Revolutionary Wars – Invasion of the Cape Colony: British forces capture Cape Town in the Dutch Cape Colony, to use its strategic facilities against the French Navy.source
  • September 21 – Battle of the Diamond: Protestant forces defeat Catholic troops in Loughgall, Ireland, leading to the foundation of the Orange Order.source
  • October 2 – British forces capture the Île d'Yeu off the coast of Brittany.source
  • October 5 – 13 Vendémiaire: Royalist riots in Paris are crushed by troops under Paul Barras and newly-reinstalled artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte.source
  • British forces land off Quiberon to aid the revolt in Brittany.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • December 28 – Construction of Yonge Street, formerly recognized as the longest street in the world, begins in York, Upper Canada (modern-day Toronto).source
  • Daniel McGinnis discovers the supposed Money Pit on Oak Island, Nova Scotia. (according to one story)source

Religion & Belief

  • March – English Benedictine monks expelled from Douai are permitted to proceed to England.source

Economy & Finance

  • Jim Beam is founded as Old Jake Beam Sour Mash.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • July 25 – Construction of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct in Wales begins.source
  • The Hudson's Bay Company trading post Fort Edmonton is constructed; the city of Edmonton, Alberta, eventually grows from it.source

Science & Discovery

  • April 7 – The metric system is adopted in France.source

Health & Medicine

  • The British Royal Navy makes the use of lemon juice mandatory, to prevent scurvy.source

Crime & Justice

  • April 23 – Former Governor-General of India Warren Hastings is acquitted by the British House of Lords of misconduct.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • June 5–7 – The Copenhagen Fire of 1795, starting in a naval warehouse, destroys 941 houses.source

Climate & Environment

  • January – Central England records its coldest ever month, in the CET records dating back to 1659.source
  • December 13 – Wold Cottage meteorite: A meteorite falls at Wold Newton, a hamlet in Yorkshire in England. This meteorite fall is subsequently used as a literary premise by science fiction writer Philip José Farmer, as the basis for the Wold Newton family.source

Culture & Society

  • January 14 – The University of North Carolina opens to students at Chapel Hill, becoming the first state university in the United States.source
  • March 29 – Ludwig van Beethoven makes his public debut in Vienna performing his Second Piano Concerto under the baton of his teacher Antonio Salieri.source
  • April 8 – George, Prince of Wales, marries Caroline of Brunswick.source
  • June 3 – The Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies are founded at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.source

Births

  • January 18 – Anna Pavlovna of Russia, queen consort of the Netherlands (d. 1865)source
  • January 26 – Policarpa Salavarrieta, Colombian spy, revolutionary heroine working for the independence of Colombia (d. 1817)source
  • February 18 – George Peabody, American businessman and "father of modern philanthropy" (d. 1869)source
  • March 12 – William Lyon Mackenzie, Scottish-born Canadian journalist, 1st Mayor of Toronto (d. 1861)source
  • May 19 – Johns Hopkins, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1873)source
  • May 23 – Charles Barry, English architect (d. 1860)source
  • June 19 – James Braid, Scottish surgeon, hypnotism pioneer (d. 1860)source
  • July 7 – Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria, Bavarian field marshal (d. 1875)source
  • August 25 – Luis José de Orbegoso, Peruvian general and politician, 11th and 12th President of Peru (d. 1847)source
  • September 6 – Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers, Marshal of France (d. 1878)source
  • September 7 – John William Polidori, English writer and physician (d. 1821)source
  • December 3 – Rowland Hill, English teacher, inventor and social reformer (d. 1879)source
  • December 4 – Thomas Carlyle, Scottish-born writer, historian (d. 1881)source
  • December 21 – Leopold von Ranke, German historian (d. 1886)source

Deaths

  • January 23 – John Sullivan, American general in the American Revolutionary War, delegate in the Continental Congress (b. 1740)source
  • January 26 – Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German harpsichordist, composer (b. 1732)source
  • February 11 – Carl Michael Bellman, Swedish poet (b. 1740)source
  • April 30 – Jean-Jacques Barthélemy, French writer and numismatist (b. 1716)source
  • May 7 – Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1746)source
  • May 12 – Ezra Stiles, American academic, educator and author (b. 1727)source
  • May 18 – Robert Rogers, British Army officer and American colonial frontiersman (b. 1731)source
  • May 19 – Josiah Bartlett, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b. 1729)source
  • June 8 – Titular King Louis XVII of France (b. 1785)source
  • July 9 – Henry Seymour Conway, British general and statesman (b. 1721)source
  • August 31 – François-André Danican Philidor, French composer and chess player (b. 1726)source
  • October 10 – Samuel Fraunces, American restaurateur (b. 1722)source
  • October 13 – William Prescott, American colonel during the Revolutionary War (b. 1726)source
  • December 23 – Henry Clinton, British general (b. 1730)source