Directory

1575 CE

Battle of Nagashino: Oda Nobunaga defeats Takeda Katsuyori in Japan's first modern battle. Edmund Grindal succeeds Matthew Parker as Archbishop of Canterbury. Battle of Dormans: Catholic forces under Henry I, Duke of Guise defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • April 6 – Antoine I de Gramont, Lord Sovereign of the Principality of Bidache in the French Pyrennees Mountains, promulgates a legal code for his people.source
  • August 5 – Henry Sidney is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.source
  • October 22 – The city of Villa de la Asunción (today Aguascalientes) is founded in New Spain, by permission from Philip II of Spain.source
  • November 8 – The Sejm of Poland meets in Warsaw to elect a new King of Poland after King Henryk has failed to return from France, and considers 11 candidates.source

Conflict & Security

  • March 3 – Battle of Tukaroi: The Mughal Empire decisively defeats the Karrani dynasty of Bengal. The battle took place near the village of Tukaroi in present-day Balasore District of Odisha.source
  • April 18 – Bayinnaung, King of Burma, returns to his capital at Pegu from Vientiane after installing Voravongsa I as the Burmese-appointed monarch of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (now Laos).source
  • May 12 – King Henry III of France, who had been selected in 1573 by the nobles of Poland and Lithuania to be King of Poland as Henryk Walezy, is stripped of his Polish and Lithuanian titles after failing to return to Kraków by the deadline imposed by the Polish nobility.source
  • June 28 – Battle of Nagashino: Oda Nobunaga defeats Takeda Katsuyori in Japan's first modern battle.source
  • July 7 – Raid of the Redeswire: Sir John Carmichael defeats Sir John Forster, in the last battle between England and Scotland.source
  • September 22 – Ottoman forces led by Ferhad Pasha Sokolović defeat the Austrian Army, led by Herbard VIII von Auersperg, in the Battle of Budačka. Auersperg is decapitated and Ferhad Pasha leaves Croatia with the head as a trophy.source
  • October 10 – Battle of Dormans: Catholic forces under Henry I, Duke of Guise defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others.source
  • November 9 – Ferhad Pasha Sokolović returns to Constantinople in triumph with the head of General Auersperg as a trophy after his September 22 victory at Budecka.source
  • Russians occupy Pernau in western Estonia, and the fortress of Weissenstein.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • February 11 – Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais arrives in southeastern Africa to colonize what is now Angola.source
  • April 2 – English privateer Gilbert Horseley and his crew sail into the Bay of Honduras in Central America and conduct three days of raids of Spanish settlements and ships.source
  • November 22 – Portuguese navigator Manuel de Mesquita Perestrelo departs from Mozambique on a mission for to map the coastline, completing the task on March 13.source
  • Abraham Ortelius becomes a geographer to Philip II of Spain.source

Religion & Belief

  • May 24 – In an attempt to reform the Eastern Orthodox Church, Lutheran missionaries meet with Jeremias II Tranos, the Ecumenical Patriarch, at his residence in Constantinople, and present him with a Greek translation of the Augsburg Confession. Jeremias sends the missionaries, Jakob Andreae and Martin Crusius, three rebuttals to define the objections he has to the Lutheran document, declaring the reasons why the Eastern Orthodoxy has no desire for reformation.source
  • July 26 – Edmund Grindal succeeds Matthew Parker as Archbishop of Canterbury.source
  • September 25 – At St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague, Rudolf of Habsburg, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II, is crowned King of Bohemia by the Archbishop Antonín Brus of Mohelnice.source
  • December 12 – Under pressure from Papal nuncio Vincenzo Lauro when a majority of the Sejm has still not agreed on a candidate, the Primate of Poland, Jakub Uchański, declares Maximilian II new King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.source
  • Venceslaus Agrippa Lituanus is the Great Scribe of Lithuania.source

Economy & Finance

  • September 1 –As a result of the Eighty Years' War, the government of the Kingdom of Spain is in bankruptcy and stops paying its troops, beginning in March.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • January 21 – Queen Elizabeth I of England grants a monopoly on producing printed sheet music, to Thomas Tallis and William Byrd.source

Science & Discovery

  • Captains of vessels flying the Spanish flag are legally required to maintain a logbook.source

Health & Medicine

  • September 22 – Paulo Dias de Novais becomes the first Portuguese Governor of Angola.source
  • The bubonic plague decimates Venice.source

Crime & Justice

  • September 26 – Future Spanish author and playwright Miguel de Cervantes, then 28, is taken hostage by the Ottoman Albanian pirate Arnaut Mami after an attack on the Spanish galley Sol off of the Catalan coast. Cervantes spends the next five years as a slave in Algeria before his family pays a ransom to free him.source

Climate & Environment

  • December 16 – An earthquake hits Valdivia.source

Culture & Society

  • February 8 – William I of Orange founds Leiden University.source
  • June 24 – William the Silent, Prince of Orange, marries Charlotte of Bourbon.source
  • The seat of the Audiencia Real in Chile moves from Concepción to Santiago.source

Births

  • January – Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros (d. 1591)source
  • February 4 – Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal and statesman (d. 1629)source
  • February 16 – Richard Carpenter, English priest and theologian (d. 1625)source
  • February 27 – Anna of Holstein-Gottorp, countess consort of East Frisia (d. 1610)source
  • February 27 – John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1590–1616) (d. 1616)source
  • May 20 – Robert Heath, English judge and politician (d. 1649)source
  • June 24 – William Petre, 2nd Baron Petre, English peer and MP (d. 1637)source
  • July 2 – Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Derby (d. 1627)source
  • July 14 – Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau, German prince (d. 1653)source
  • August 14 – Robert Hayman, English-born poet (d. 1629)source
  • August 18 – Countess Palatine Anna Maria of Neuburg, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg (d. 1643)source
  • November 4 – Guido Reni, Italian painter (d. 1642)source
  • December 4 – The Nun of Monza, Italian nun (d. 1650)source
  • December 18 – Michelagnolo Galilei, Italian lutenist and composer (d. 1631)source

Deaths

  • January 4 – Sidonie of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg (b. 1518)source
  • January 29 – Hernando de Aragón, Spanish Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1498)source
  • February 9 – Karl Friedrich of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, heir apparent of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (b. 1555)source
  • February 13 – The formal coronation of Henry III as King of France takes place at the Reims Cathedral. Henry inherited the throne on May 30, 1574, upon the death of his older brother, Charles IX. He marries Louise of Lorraine.source
  • February 20 – Maria of Jever, last ruler of the Lordship of Jever (b. 1500)source
  • February 21 – Claude of Valois, Duchess consort of Lorraine and French princess (b. 1547)source
  • March 11 – Matthias Flacius, Croatian Protestant reformer (b. 1520)source
  • March 15 – Annibale Padovano, Italian composer and organist (b. 1527)source
  • March 17 – Georg Cracow, German lawyer and politician (b. 1525)source
  • March 24 – Yosef Karo, Spanish-born Jewish rabbi. Author of the book "Shulchan Aruch" (b. 1488)source
  • May 17 – Matthew Parker, English Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1504)source
  • September 17 – Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss religious reformer (b. 1504)source
  • September 24 – Anna of Oldenburg, Regent of East Frisia (b. 1501)source
  • October 17 – Gaspar Cervantes de Gaeta, Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1511)source