Directory

1235 CE

Siege of Constantinople: The Byzantine emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes and the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II besiege Constantinople in an attempt to take it from its Latin rulers, John of Brienne and Baldwin II. Angelo Sanudo successfully negotiates a two-year truce. A general inquisition begins in France. Connacht in Ireland is finally conquered by the Hiberno-Norman Richard Mór de Burgh; Felim Ua Conchobair is expelled.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • Connacht in Ireland is finally conquered by the Hiberno-Norman Richard Mór de Burgh; Felim Ua Conchobair is expelled.source

Conflict & Security

  • Siege of Constantinople: The Byzantine emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes and the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II besiege Constantinople in an attempt to take it from its Latin rulers, John of Brienne and Baldwin II. Angelo Sanudo successfully negotiates a two-year truce.source
  • Approximate date – Battle of Kirina: Mandinka prince Sundiata Keita defeats Sosso king Soumaoro Kanté, beginning the Mali Empire. By tradition, the Manden Charter, a constitution, is proclaimed in Kouroukan Fouga.source

Religion & Belief

  • Elizabeth of Hungary (d. 1231) is canonized by Pope Gregory IX.source

Crime & Justice

  • A general inquisition begins in France.source

Culture & Society

  • Probable date – Lancaster Royal Grammar School is founded in the north of England.source
  • A Chinese text of this year records that Hangzhou City, the capital of the Song dynasty, has various social clubs that include a West Lake Poetry Club, the Buddhist Tea Society, the Physical Fitness Club, the Anglers' Club, the Occult Club, the Young Girls' Chorus, the Exotic Foods Club, the Plants and Fruits Club, the Antique Collectors' Club, the Horse-Lovers' Club, and the Refined Music Society.source

Births

  • November 2 – Henry of Almain, King of the Romans (d. 1271)source
  • Arnold of Villanova, Spanish alchemist and physician (d. 1311)source
  • Qian Xuan, Chinese painter (d. 1305)source
  • Ramon Llull, Catalan writer and philosopher (d. 1315)source
  • Pope Boniface VIII (approximate date; d. 1303)source

Deaths

  • September 5 – Duke Henry I of Brabant (b. 1165)source
  • September 21 – King Andrew II of Hungary (b. 1175)source
  • November 5 – Elisabeth of Swabia, queen consort of Castile and León (b. 1205)source
  • Rabbi David Kimhi, French Biblical commentator (b. 1160)source
  • Ibn al-Qabisi, Iraqi linguist (b. 1163)source
  • Andronikos I Gidos, Emperor of Trebizondsource