Directory

1176 CE

Battle of Legnano: The Imperial army (some 5,500 men) led by Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) is defeated by forces of the Lombard League, leading to the pactum Anagnium (the Agreement of Anagni). Battle of Myriokephalon: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine forces led by Manuel I, who are ambushed when moving through a narrow mountain pass near Lake Beyşehir. The Byzantines are dispersed and surrounded. They suffer heavy casualties and their siege equipment is destroyed. Manuel flees in panic and is forced to sign a peace treaty with Kilij Arslan II. Winter – An international bardic festival at Cardigan Castle in Wales. The first recorded eisteddfod.

Conflict & Security

  • May 29 – Battle of Legnano: The Imperial army (some 5,500 men) led by Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) is defeated by forces of the Lombard League, leading to the pactum Anagnium (the Agreement of Anagni).source
  • September 17 – Battle of Myriokephalon: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine forces led by Manuel I, who are ambushed when moving through a narrow mountain pass near Lake Beyşehir. The Byzantines are dispersed and surrounded. They suffer heavy casualties and their siege equipment is destroyed. Manuel flees in panic and is forced to sign a peace treaty with Kilij Arslan II.source
  • Al-Adil I, Ayyubid governor of Egypt, suppresses a revolt by the Christian Copts in the city of Qift, hanging nearly 3,000 of them on the trees near the city.source
  • Spring – Saladin defeats the Zangid forces before Damascus and marries Nur al-Din's widow Asimat. On June 24 he accepts a truce and is recognized as the sovereign over Syria.source
  • Summer – Saladin ends his siege of the Ismaili ("Assassins") fortress of Masyaf, which is commanded by Rashid al-Din Sinan.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • Summer – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) assembles a Byzantine expeditionary force, and marches towards Iconium, the Seljuk capital. Meanwhile, hordes of Seljuk Turks destroy crops and poison water supplies, to make Manuel's march more difficult, and harass the Byzantine army, in order to force it into the Meander Valley. Kilij Arslan II, ruler of the Sultanate of Rum, hears of the expedition, and sends envoys to ask for peace.source

Religion & Belief

  • The Carthusians are approved as a religious order.source
  • Autumn – Frederick I makes peace with Pope Alexander III and recognizes his legitimacy as pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • Sens Cathedral in Burgundy installs an horologe, presumed to be an early form of clock.source

Health & Medicine

  • Spring – Assize of Northampton: King Henry II establishes the rules for the administration of criminal justice that he has set out in 1166 at Clarendon.source

Crime & Justice

  • Raynald of Châtillon is released and ransomed from prison in Aleppo, together with Joscelin III, the titular count of Edessa.source

Culture & Society

  • Autumn – William of Montferrat (Longsword) marries the 16-year-old Princess Sibylla, sister of King Baldwin IV (the Leper).source
  • Unkei, a Japanese sculptor, completes his Dainichi Nyorai (Enjō-ji) statue, now a National Treasure of Japan.source
  • Winter – An international bardic festival at Cardigan Castle in Wales. The first recorded eisteddfod.source

Births

  • October 15 – Leopold VI, German nobleman (d. 1230)source
  • Hachijō-in Takakura, Japanese waka poet (d. 1248)source
  • Maud le Vavasour, English noblewoman (d. 1225)source
  • Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (d. 1220)source
  • Fujiwara no Nobuzane, Japanese painter (d. 1265)source
  • Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster (approximate date)source
  • Al-Mu'azzam Isa, Ayyubid ruler of Damascus (d. 1227)source
  • Agnes of Hohenstaufen, German noblewoman (d. 1204)source
  • William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (d. 1226)source
  • Theresa of Portugal, queen of León (d. 1250)source
  • Anna Komnene Angelina, Nicene empress (d. 1212)source

Deaths

  • April 18 – Galdino della Sala, Italian archbishop (b. 1096)source
  • April 20 – Richard de Clare, English nobleman (b. 1130)source
  • May 8 – David FitzGerald, bishop of St. Davids (b. 1106)source
  • May 13 – Matthias I, duke of Lorraine (b. 1119)source
  • July 20 – Yoshika, Japanese empress (b. 1141)source
  • August 23 – Rokujō, emperor of Japan (b. 1164)source
  • September 1 – Maurice FitzGerald, English noblemansource
  • September 17 – John Kantakouzenos, Byzantine generalsource
  • October 12 – William d'Aubigny, English politician (b. 1109)source
  • Volodar Glebovich, prince of Minsk (approximate date)source
  • Klængur Þorsteinsson, bishop of Skálholt (b. 1102)source
  • Chekawa Yeshe Dorje, Tibetan Buddhist monk (b. 1102)source
  • John Doukas (Komnenos), Byzantine governor (b. 1128)source
  • Sancha Ponce de Cabrera, Spanish noblewomansource