Directory

1173 CE

Bolesław IV the Curly, High Duke of Poland, dies after a 27-year reign. He is succeeded by his half-brother Mieszko III the Old, and as duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland by Casimir II the Just. Henry the Young King withdraws to the French court, marking the beginning of the Revolt of 1173–1174, a dispute between King Henry II, his estranged wife Eleanor of Aquitaine and three of their sons over the territories they control. Eleanor is placed under de facto house arrest. William the Lion, King of Scotland, invades the North of England in support of the rebellion. The construction of a campanile, which will become the Leaning Tower of Pisa, begins.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • The Qiandao era ends and the Chunxi era begins during the reign of Emperor Xiao Zong of the Song dynasty.source

Conflict & Security

  • March – Henry the Young King withdraws to the French court, marking the beginning of the Revolt of 1173–1174, a dispute between King Henry II, his estranged wife Eleanor of Aquitaine and three of their sons over the territories they control. Eleanor is placed under de facto house arrest. William the Lion, King of Scotland, invades the North of England in support of the rebellion.source
  • 17 October – Revolt of 1173–74: Battle of Fornham – Flemish mercenaries under rebel leader Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester, are defeated at a ford in East Anglia by the English royalists under Lord Richard de Lucy.source
  • Pro-Fatimid rising in Upper Egypt led by Kanz al-Dawla, governor of Aswan, is crushed by Saladin's brother Al-Adil.source
  • Sinhalese king Parakramabahu I "the Great" gains a decisive victory by invading the Chola Empire as an ally of the Pandyas, capturing Tondi and Pasi regions.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • Summer – Saladin leads an expeditionary army against the Bedouin tribes in Oultrejordain to secure a route between Egypt and Syria. He raids the region at Kerak Castle.source

Religion & Belief

  • February 21 – Thomas Becket is canonized by Pope Alexander III. His tomb in Canterbury Cathedral becomes a shrine and a popular pilgrimage destination.source
  • Abu Yaqub Yusuf, caliph of the Almohad Caliphate, re-populates the western Andalusian city of Beja. But it is rapidly abandoned, a sign of the quick demographic weakening of the Muslims in the peninsula.source
  • Approximate date – Peter Waldo, French spiritual leader, is converted to Christianity and founds the Waldensians.source
  • Pedro Gudestéiz resigns the archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela after some controversy.source
  • Traditional date – The Great Mosque of al-Nuri, Mosul, is completed to the orders of Nur al-Din Zengi.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • August 8 – The construction of a campanile, which will become the Leaning Tower of Pisa, begins.source

Science & Discovery

  • Algebraic chess notation is first recorded.source

Culture & Society

  • Approximate date – King Béla III of Hungary invites Cistercian and Premonstratensian monks to Hungary. They introduce advanced agricultural methods in the realm.source

Births

  • May 21 – Shinran, founder of Jōdo Shinshū (Shin Buddhism) (d. 1263)source
  • October 31 – Kujō Ninshi, Japanese empress (d. 1239)source
  • December 23 – Louis I, duke of Bavaria (d. 1231)source
  • Approximate date – Llywelyn ab Iorwerth ("the Great"), Welsh king of Gwynedd (d. 1240)source
  • Diya' al-Din al-Maqdisi, Arab Sunni scholar (d. 1245)source
  • Louis IV, Count of Chiny ("the Young"), French nobleman (d. 1226)source
  • Tankei, Japanese Buddhist sculptor (d. 1256)source
  • Kolbeinn Tumason, Icelandic chieftain (d. 1208)source
  • Frederick I, count of Berg-Altena (d. 1198)source
  • Rostislav II, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1214)source
  • Walter Devereux, Anglo-Norman nobleman (d. 1197)source

Deaths

  • January 5 – Bolesław IV the Curly, duke of Polandsource
  • January 5 – Bolesław IV the Curly, High Duke of Poland, dies after a 27-year reign. He is succeeded by his half-brother Mieszko III the Old, and as duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland by Casimir II the Just.source
  • February 10 – Muiredach Ua Cobthaig, Irish bishopsource
  • March 10 – Richard of Saint Victor, Scottish theologiansource
  • May 25 – Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Belarusian granddaughtersource
  • August 9 – Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Saladinsource
  • August 13 – Nerses IV, Catholicos of Armenia (b. 1102)source
  • September 23 – Fujiwara no Ikushi, Japanese empress consort (b. 1146)source
  • October 15 – Petronilla, queen regnant of Aragon (b. 1136)source
  • November 7 – Uijong, Korean ruler Goryeo (b. 1127)source
  • Benjamin of Tudela, Spanish Jewish traveler (b. 1130)source
  • Knut Eriksson (King Canute I of Sweden) extends his rule after the death of co-ruler Kol – which includes also Östergötland. He becomes the unopposed sole-ruler of Sweden with the support of jarl Birger Brosa.source
  • Hemachandra, Indian poet and polymath (b. 1088)source
  • Rajaraja II, Indian ruler of the Chola dynastysource