Directory

1164 CE

Antipope Victor IV dies at Rome and is succeeded by Paschal III, who has gained election through the influence of Archchancellor Rainald of Dassel. Emperor Sutoku of Japan dies in Sanuki Province (on the island of Shikoku), having lived in exile from the capital at Kyoto since 1156. Thomas Becket, having contended with Henry II over the power of secular courts, is found guilty of contempt of court, and exiled to France.

Conflict & Security

  • August 12 – Battle of Harim: Zangid forces under Nur al-Din defeat and capture Bohemond III of Antioch, Raymond of Tripoli, and Hugh of Lusignan.source
  • Spring – Saladin accompanies his uncle, General Shirkuh, with an army sent to the Fatimid Caliphate (modern Egypt) by Nur al-Din, ruler (atabeg) of Syria.source
  • Battle of Renfrew: A Norse-Gaelic army led by Lord Somerled, ruler of the Isles, invades Scotland and is routed by the Scottish forces under the command of Walter fitz Alan and Herbert of Selkirk, bishop of Glasgow.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • A commercial treaty grants access to Almohad-dominated ports to merchants from several European powers, including Marseille and Savona.source

Religion & Belief

  • January 30 – King Henry II tries to delimit spiritual and royal jurisdictions in the Constitutions of Clarendon, written in large part by his councilor Richard de Luci.source
  • August 5 – Uppsala is recognized as the seat of the Swedish metropolitan, with the coronation of its first archbishop Stefan, by Pope Alexander III.source
  • King Olaf II of Norway is canonized as Saint Olaf by Alexander III, making him a universally recognised saint of the Catholic Church.source
  • Rainald of Dassel brings relics of the Three Magi from Milan to Cologne as a gift for Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.source

Crime & Justice

  • November 2 – Thomas Becket, having contended with Henry II over the power of secular courts, is found guilty of contempt of court, and exiled to France.source
  • Venice secures its loans against fiscal revenues, to obtain lower interest rates. In the first operation of this kind, the Republic obtains 1150 silver marci, for 12 years of the taxes levied on the Rialto market.source

Births

  • July 16 – Frederick V, son of Frederick Barbarossasource
  • December 28 – Emperor Rokujō of Japan (d. 1176)source
  • Hatakeyama Shigetada, Japanese samurai (d. 1205)source
  • Fulk of Pavia, Italian prelate and bishop (d. 1229)source
  • Isabel de Bolebec, English noblewoman (d. 1245)source
  • Ibn Tumlus, Moorish scholar and physician (d. 1223)source
  • Shi Miyuan, Chinese official and politician (d. 1233)source

Deaths

  • January 30 – William of Anjou, viscount of Dieppe (b. 1136)source
  • March 13 – Fujiwara no Tadamichi, Japanese regent (b. 1097)source
  • April 20 – Antipope Victor IV dies at Rome and is succeeded by Paschal III, who has gained election through the influence of Archchancellor Rainald of Dassel.source
  • April 20 – Victor IV, antipope of Rome (b. 1095)source
  • May 16 – Héloïse, French scholar and abbesssource
  • May 19 – Bashnouna, Egyptian monk and martyrsource
  • June 18 – Elisabeth of Schönau, German abbesssource
  • September 4 – Henry II, prince-bishop of Liègesource
  • September 14 – Emperor Sutoku of Japan dies in Sanuki Province (on the island of Shikoku), having lived in exile from the capital at Kyoto since 1156.source
  • September 14 – Sutoku, emperor of Japan (b. 1119)source
  • November 11 – Hugh of Amiens, French archbishopsource
  • December 23 – Hartmann of Brixen, German bishop (b. 1090)source
  • December 31 – Ottokar III, margrave of Styria (b. 1124)source
  • Hodierna of Jerusalem, countess of Tripoli (b. 1110)source