Directory

1094 CE

June – Duncan, son of the late King Malcolm III of Scotland, gathers a substantial army, chiefly Anglo-Normans from England, and challenges his uncle Donald III ("the Fair") for the Kingdom of Scotland. Duncan is crowned king at Scone. El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar) completes his conquest of Valencia in Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and begins his rule (in the name of King Alfonso VI) there. The Almoravid campaign to regain the city fails. Seljuk sultan Mahmud I dies after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Barkiyaruq (one of the Seljuk princes who claim the throne) as ruler of the Seljuk Empire.

Conflict & Security

  • May – El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar) completes his conquest of Valencia in Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and begins his rule (in the name of King Alfonso VI) there. The Almoravid campaign to regain the city fails.source
  • November 12 – Donald III mobilises his army and kills Duncan II in battle in the Scottish Lowlands, re-taking the Scottish throne.source
  • Spring – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under General Tatikios to Nicaea, in an attempt to re-capture the city from the Seljuk Turks. However, the arrival of Barkiyaruq's army en route stops the Byzantines. Alexios sends reinforcements; short of supplies, the Seljuk Turks retreat. Abu'l-Qasim, Seljuk governor of Nicaea, is defeated and forced to conclude a truce with Alexios.source

Religion & Belief

  • May 15 – The Cathedral of St. Agatha in Catania (Sicily) is consecrated by the Breton abbot Ansger.source
  • October 8 – Doge Vitale Faliero consecrates the new Basilica of San Marco in Venice.source
  • King Ladislaus I of Hungary founds a diocese (alongside the bishop's see) in Zagreb.source
  • Al-Musta'li becomes the nineteenth imam of Musta'li Ismailismsource

Culture & Society

  • May–June – Duncan, son of the late King Malcolm III of Scotland, gathers a substantial army, chiefly Anglo-Normans from England, and challenges his uncle Donald III ("the Fair") for the Kingdom of Scotland. Duncan is crowned king at Scone.source

Births

  • January 14 – Eudokia Komnene, Byzantine princess (d. 1129)source
  • Abd al-Mu'min, Almohad caliph (approximate date)source
  • Ibn Zuhr (or Avenzoar), Moorish physician (d. 1162)source
  • Malachy, Irish archbishop and saint (d. 1148)source
  • Yelü Dashi, founder of the Qara Khitai (d. 1143)source
  • Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester (d. 1120)source

Deaths

  • January 10 – Al-Mustansir Billah, Fatimid caliph (b. 1029)source
  • February 3 – Al-Muqtadi, Abbasid caliph (b. 1056)source
  • February 3 – Caliph of Baghdad al-Muqtadi dies and is succeeded by his nominated heir Ahmad (al-Mustazhir).source
  • February 3 – Teishi, Japanese empress (b. 1013)source
  • June 2 – Nicholas the Pilgrim, Italian shepherd (b. 1075)source
  • July 28 – William Bertrand, margrave of Provencesource
  • July 28 – William Bertrand dies, and his margravial title of Provence is inherited by Raymond IV ("Saint-Gilles"), who becomes count of Toulouse (until 1105).source
  • October 14 – Fujiwara no Nobunaga, Japanese nobleman (b. 1022)source
  • October 14 – Bertha of Holland, French queen consortsource
  • October – Seljuk sultan Mahmud I dies after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Barkiyaruq (one of the Seljuk princes who claim the throne) as ruler of the Seljuk Empire.source
  • October – Mahmud I, sultan of the Seljuk Empiresource
  • November 12 – Duncan II, king of Scotlandsource
  • Badr al-Jamali, Fatimid vizier and statesmansource
  • After the death of Caliph al-Mustansir Billah, his son-in-law and vizier Al-Afdal declares al-Musta'li, a younger son of al-Mustansir, in a coup d'état as new Caliph. Al-Mustansir's designated heir, Nizar, flees to Alexandria.source