Directory

1093 CE

King Olaf III of Norway ("the Peaceful") dies after a 26-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Magnus Barefoot who is proclaimed ruler of Norway at the Borgarting (or the Thing), an assembly of lawspeakers, in the region of Viken. Battle of Alnwick: King Malcolm III of Scotland invades Northumberland, but is killed by English forces under Earl Robert de Mowbray while besieging Alnwick Castle. He is succeeded by his brother Donald III ("the Fair") as ruler of Scotland. The Normans under Lord Robert Fitzhamon continue their occupation of southern Wales with Pembroke Castle being constructed by Arnulf de Montgomery.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • The Normans under Lord Robert Fitzhamon continue their occupation of southern Wales with Pembroke Castle being constructed by Arnulf de Montgomery.source

Conflict & Security

  • May 26 – Battle of the Stugna River: The nomadic Cumans defeat a Kievan joint force led by the princes of Kievan Rus' at the Stuhna River in the valley near Trepol. Rostislav Vsevolodovich, prince of Pereyaslavl, drowns while fleeing the battle.source
  • November 13 – Battle of Alnwick: King Malcolm III of Scotland invades Northumberland, but is killed by English forces under Earl Robert de Mowbray while besieging Alnwick Castle. He is succeeded by his brother Donald III ("the Fair") as ruler of Scotland.source

Religion & Belief

  • March 6 – Anselm, Italian Benedictine abbot and theologian, becomes archbishop of Canterbury in England, succeeding Lanfranc. The post of archbishop has been left vacant since 1089 by King William II of England – so he can collect the church's income for himself.source
  • April 8 – Monks move into the new Winchester Cathedral in England, constructed by the Norman bishop Walkelin.source
  • August 11 – Construction of Durham Cathedral in England begins, replacing the Saxon 'White Church'.source

Births

  • January 16 – Isaac Komnenos, Byzantine co-rulersource
  • Gerhoh of Reichersberg, German theologian (d. 1169)source
  • Grigor III, Armenian catholicos of Cilicia (d. 1166)source
  • Ahmad Yasawi, Turkic poet and Sufi (d. 1166)source
  • Baldwin VII, count of Flanders (d. 1119)source
  • Simon of Hauteville, count of Sicily (d. 1105)source
  • Demetrius I, king of Georgia (approximate date)source
  • Conrad III, king of Italy and Germany (d. 1152)source
  • Simon of Vermandois, French bishop (d. 1148)source
  • Sancho Alfónsez, Spanish nobleman (d. 1108)source
  • William III, count of Ponthieu (approximate date)source
  • Robert fitzEdith, English feudal lord (d. 1172)source

Deaths

  • February 1 – Abul Hasan Hankari, Abbasid scholar (b. 1018)source
  • April 13 –The Grand Prince of Kiev Vsevolod I Yaroslavich dies, after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by Sviatopolk II, who is acknowledged by other princes as the senior son of Iziaslav I, and ascends the Kievan throne as ruler of the Kievan Rus'. His cousin Vladimir II, prince of Chernigov, becomes a bitter rival.source
  • April 13 – Vsevolod I Yaroslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1030)source
  • April – Rhys ap Tewdwr, Welsh king of Deheubarth, killed in battle (b. 997)source
  • May 26 – Rostislav Vsevolodovich, prince of Pereyaslavlsource
  • June 21 – Ja'far ibn Abdallah al-Muqtadi, Abbasid prince, son of al-Muqtadi and Mah-i Mulksource
  • July 10 – Ulrich of Zell, German Cluniac reformer (b. 1029)source
  • August 4 – Alan Rufus, Breton/Norman nobleman (approximate year)source
  • August 24 – Geoffrey Boterel, Breton nobleman, eldest brother of Alan Rufussource
  • August 29 – Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy, French nobleman and abbot (b. 1057)source
  • September 22 – King Olaf III of Norway ("the Peaceful") dies after a 26-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Magnus Barefoot who is proclaimed ruler of Norway at the Borgarting (or the Thing), an assembly of lawspeakers, in the region of Viken.source
  • September 22 – Olaf III "the Peaceful", king of Norwaysource
  • October 13 – Robert I, Count of Flanderssource
  • November 16 – Margaret, queen consort of Scotland (b. 1045)source