{ "openapi": "3.1.0", "info": { "title": "slashyear", "version": "1.1.0", "description": "Sourced history as static JSON: years, calendar dates, countries, subjects, world leaders, U.S. prices and Billboard No. 1s. Every entry carries the Wikipedia revision id it was quoted from. No key, no rate limit, CORS open.", "contact": { "url": "https://slashyear.com/api" }, "license": { "name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" } }, "servers": [ { "url": "https://slashyear.com" } ], "security": [], "paths": { "/api/years.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_years", "summary": "index of every published year", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "index of every published year", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "years": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "sections": { "type": "integer" }, "entries": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "total": { "type": "integer" }, "totals": { "type": "object", "properties": { "entries": { "type": "integer" }, "events": { "type": "integer" }, "people": { "type": "integer" }, "country_entries": { "type": "integer" }, "years": { "type": "integer" }, "countries": { "type": "integer" } } }, "span": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } } }, "example": { "years": [ { "year": 2025, "label": "2025 CE", "sections": 14, "entries": 280 }, { "year": 2024, "label": "2024 CE", "sections": 13, "entries": 231 } ], "total": 3078, "totals": { "entries": 121329, "events": 79250, "people": 42079, "country_entries": 34454, "years": 3078, "countries": 184 }, "span": [ "2025 CE", "3000 BCE" ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/year/{year}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_year_year", "summary": "one year; astronomical numbering, so -43 is 44 BCE", "parameters": [ { "name": "year", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "1969" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one year; astronomical numbering, so -43 is 44 BCE", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "lead": { "type": "string" }, "lead_from": { "type": "string" }, "lead_items": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "sections": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "title": { "type": "string" }, "items": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "date": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "text": { "type": "string" }, "cite": { "type": "object", "properties": { "url": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "section": { "type": "string" } } }, "country": { "type": "string" } } } } } } }, "counts": { "type": "object", "properties": { "shown": { "type": "integer" }, "available": { "type": "integer" } } }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "site": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "pageid": { "type": "integer" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "permalink": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" }, "retrieved": { "type": "string" } } }, "extra_sources": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "site": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "pageid": { "type": "integer" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "permalink": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" }, "retrieved": { "type": "string" } } } } } }, "example": { "year": 1969, "label": "1969 CE", "lead": "Apollo 11 lands the first humans on the Moon as Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walk on its surface; Woodstock draws over 400,000 people and becomes a counterculture landmark; the Stonewall riots ignite the modern LGBT rights movement; the Sino-Soviet border conflict heightens tensions between China and the Soviet Union; the 1969 Libyan revolution led by Muammar Gaddafi overthrows King Idris I; the Chappaquiddick incident involving Senator Edward Kennedy results in Mary Jo Kopechne's death; the 1969 Curaçao uprising erupts over labor and racial issues; Hurricane Camille devastates the U.S. Gulf Coast; and Sesame Street premieres, reshaping children’s television.", "lead_from": "article image footer", "lead_items": [ "January 13 – Elvis Presley steps into American Studios in Memphis, Tennessee, recording \"Long Black Limousine\" thus beginning the recording of what becomes his landmark comeback sessions for the albums \"From Elvis In Memphis\" and \"Back in Memphis.\" The sessions yield the popular and critically acclaimed singles \"Suspicious Minds\", \"In the Ghetto\" and \"Kentucky Rain.\"", "June 28 – The Stonewall riots, a milestone in the modern gay rights movement in the United States, began in New York City." ], "sections": [ { "title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "items": [ { "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Richard Nixon is sworn in as the 37th president of the United States of America.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#January", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › January" } }, { "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – In Cairo, Yasser Arafat is elected Palestine Liberation Organization leader at the Palestinian National Congress.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#February", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › February" } } ] }, { "title": "Conflict & Security", "items": [ { "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#January", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › January" } }, { "date": "January 7", "text": "7 January - Operation Pigfat ends.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360511712#January", "title": "1969 in Laos", "revid": 1360511712, "section": "Events › January" }, "country": "Laos" } ] } ], "counts": { "shown": 275, "available": 2759 }, "source": { "site": "en.wikipedia.org", "title": "1969", "pageid": 34610, "revid": 1373164180, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969", "permalink": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "retrieved": "2026-09-06" }, "extra_sources": [ { "site": "en.wikipedia.org", "title": "1969 in Albania", "pageid": 82531000, "revid": 1351446957, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_in_Albania", "permalink": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351446957", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "retrieved": "2026-09-09" }, { "site": "en.wikipedia.org", "title": "1969 in Malaysia", "pageid": 5176129, "revid": 1373378348, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_in_Malaysia", "permalink": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373378348", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "retrieved": "2026-09-09" } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/dates.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_dates", "summary": "index of all 366 calendar dates", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "index of all 366 calendar dates", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "dates": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "month": { "type": "string" }, "day": { "type": "integer" }, "count": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "total": { "type": "integer" } } }, "example": { "dates": [ { "slug": "january-1", "label": "January 1", "month": "January", "day": 1, "count": 589 }, { "slug": "january-2", "label": "January 2", "month": "January", "day": 2, "count": 167 } ], "total": 79980 } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/date/{month-day}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_date_month_day", "summary": "one calendar day across every year", "parameters": [ { "name": "month-day", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "july-20" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one calendar day across every year", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "month": { "type": "string" }, "day": { "type": "integer" }, "groups": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "title": { "type": "string" }, "items": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "year_label": { "type": "string" }, "kind": { "type": "string" }, "section": { "type": "string" }, "text": { "type": "string" }, "cite": { "type": "object", "properties": { "url": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "section": { "type": "string" } } }, "spanned": { "type": "boolean" } } } } } } }, "count": { "type": "integer" }, "span": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "years": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "example": { "slug": "july-20", "label": "July 20", "month": "July", "day": 20, "groups": [ { "title": "Events", "items": [ { "year": 64, "year_label": "64 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "July 18- 27 – Great Fire of Rome: A fire begins which destroyed three of fourteen of the administrative regions of Rome, more commonly known as the Palatine Hill, the Circus Maximus, and the Oppian hill. Also suffering severe damage were the Campus Martius and the Via Lata.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339212432#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 64", "revid": 1339212432, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire" }, "spanned": true }, { "year": 1023, "year_label": "1023 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Science & Discovery", "text": "A partial solar eclipse, part of the Solar Saros 120 cycle, is visible to the natives of southern South America in what are now Brazil, Uruguay and Chile.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213204#July–September", "title": "1023", "revid": 1342213204, "section": "Events › July–September" } } ] }, { "title": "Births", "items": [ { "year": -355, "year_label": "356 BCE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "July 20/21 – Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia (d. 323 BC).", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343819365#Births", "title": "356 BC", "revid": 1343819365, "section": "Births" } }, { "year": 682, "year_label": "682 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Taichō, Japanese Buddhist monk (d. 767)", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347973674#Births", "title": "682", "revid": 1347973674, "section": "Births" } } ] } ], "count": 222, "span": [ "356 BCE", "2023 CE" ], "years": [ -355, 64 ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/cross.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_cross", "summary": "index of every century, decade, subject and country", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "index of every century, decade, subject and country", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "centuries": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "years": { "type": "integer" }, "entries": { "type": "integer" }, "key": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "decades": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "years": { "type": "integer" }, "entries": { "type": "integer" }, "key": { "type": "integer" }, "century": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] } } } }, "topics": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "total": { "type": "integer" }, "centuries": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "places": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "total": { "type": "integer" }, "centuries": { "type": "integer" }, "span": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } } } } } }, "example": { "centuries": [ { "slug": "18th-century-bc", "label": "18th century BC", "years": 15, "entries": 35, "key": -18 }, { "slug": "17th-century-bc", "label": "17th century BC", "years": 21, "entries": 35, "key": -17 } ], "decades": [ { "slug": "3000s-bc", "label": "3000s BC", "years": 1, "entries": 12, "key": -3010, "century": null }, { "slug": "1500s-bc", "label": "1500s BC", "years": 2, "entries": 13, "key": -1510, "century": "16th-century-bc" } ], "topics": [ { "slug": "conflict-and-security", "label": "Conflict & Security", "total": 18081, "centuries": 37 }, { "slug": "geopolitics-and-diplomacy", "label": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "total": 11470, "centuries": 31 } ], "places": [ { "slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "total": 2609, "centuries": 9, "span": [ "1100 CE", "1957 CE" ] }, { "slug": "united-kingdom", "label": "United Kingdom", "total": 2031, "centuries": 4, "span": [ "1707 CE", "2025 CE" ] } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/place/{country}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_place_country", "summary": "one country's record, century by century", "parameters": [ { "name": "country", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "france" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one country's record, century by century", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "total": { "type": "integer" }, "span": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "centuries": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "key": { "type": "integer" }, "items": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "year_label": { "type": "string" }, "section": { "type": "string" }, "date": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "text": { "type": "string" }, "cite": { "type": "object", "properties": { "url": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "section": { "type": "string" } } }, "country": { "type": "string" } } } }, "count": { "type": "integer" }, "span": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } } } } } }, "example": { "slug": "france", "label": "France", "total": 1966, "span": [ "1212 CE", "1962 CE" ], "centuries": [ { "slug": "13th-century", "label": "13th century", "key": 13, "items": [ { "year": 1212, "year_label": "1212 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – The Treaty of Pont-à-Vendin is signed at Pont-à-Vendin between king Philip II of France and Ferdinand, Count of Flanders and Joan, Countess of Flanders. The treaty cedes the two captured towns of Saint-Omer and Aire-sur-la-Lys to France.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331867628#Events", "title": "1212 in France", "revid": 1331867628, "section": "Events" }, "country": "France" }, { "year": 1212, "year_label": "1212 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Late June – Stephen of Cloyes led his largely juvenile Crusaders from Vendôme to Marseille. They survived by begging for food, while the vast majority seem to have been disheartened by the hardship of this journey and returned to their families. Two French merchants (Hugh the Iron and William of Posqueres) offered to take them by boat to Palestine. They were then taken to Tunisia instead of Palestine, where they were sold into slavery by the merchants.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331867628#Events", "title": "1212 in France", "revid": 1331867628, "section": "Events" }, "country": "France" } ], "count": 105, "span": [ "1212 CE", "1291 CE" ] }, { "slug": "14th-century", "label": "14th century", "key": 14, "items": [ { "year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – The Battle of the Golden Spurs takes place as retaliation against Flanders for the May 18 Matins of Bruges massacre. Flemish forces led by William of Jülich and Pieter de Coninck defeat the French army on the outskirts of Kortrijk in Flanders. Many French nobles (some 500 knights) are killed.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331870956#Events", "title": "1302 in France", "revid": 1331870956, "section": "Events" }, "country": "France" }, { "year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – After learning of the rejection of the papal bull Ausculta Fili by King Philip of France, Pope Boniface VIII sends Cardinal Jean Lemoine to inform King Philip of the Pope's plans for an ecclesiastical council to control the appointment of French clergy.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331870956#Events", "title": "1302 in France", "revid": 1331870956, "section": "Events" }, "country": "France" } ], "count": 59, "span": [ "1302 CE", "1373 CE" ] } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/century/{slug}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_century_slug", "summary": "one century: its decades, subjects and highlights", "parameters": [ { "name": "slug", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "20th-century" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one century: its decades, subjects and highlights", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "key": { "type": "integer" }, "decades": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "key": { "type": "integer" }, "entries": { "type": "integer" }, "years": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "years": { "type": "integer" }, "entries": { "type": "integer" }, "topics": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "count": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "highlights": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "text": { "type": "string" } } } }, "prev": { "type": [ "object", "null" ], "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" } } }, "next": { "type": [ "object", "null" ], "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "example": { "slug": "20th-century", "label": "20th century", "key": 20, "decades": [ { "slug": "1900s", "label": "1900s", "key": 1900, "entries": 1976, "years": 10 }, { "slug": "1910s", "label": "1910s", "key": 1910, "entries": 2198, "years": 10 } ], "years": 100, "entries": 24011, "topics": [ { "slug": "geopolitics-and-diplomacy", "label": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2872 }, { "slug": "conflict-and-security", "label": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2789 } ], "highlights": [ { "year": 1900, "label": "1900 CE", "text": "14 May – 28 October – The 1900 Summer Olympics takes place in Paris, France. Germany finishes seventh in the overall medal table with four gold medals, two silver and two bronze." }, { "year": 1912, "label": "1912 CE", "text": "May 5 – The 1912 Summer Olympics open in Stockholm, Sweden. Modern Pentathlon is contested for the first time in these games." } ], "prev": { "slug": "19th-century", "label": "19th century" }, "next": { "slug": "21st-century", "label": "21st century" } } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/decade/{slug}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_decade_slug", "summary": "one decade: its years and their leading entries", "parameters": [ { "name": "slug", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "1960s" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one decade: its years and their leading entries", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "key": { "type": "integer" }, "century": { "type": [ "object", "null" ], "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" } } }, "years": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "entries": { "type": "integer" }, "lead_items": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "entries": { "type": "integer" }, "prev": { "type": [ "object", "null" ], "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" } } }, "next": { "type": [ "object", "null" ], "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "example": { "slug": "1960s", "label": "1960s", "key": 1960, "century": { "slug": "20th-century", "label": "20th century" }, "years": [ { "year": 1960, "label": "1960 CE", "entries": 258, "lead_items": [ "March 21 – The Sharpeville massacre in South Africa results in more than 69 black protesters shot dead by police, 300 injured.", "1 May – The U-2 incident reveals that the United States uses Norwegian air bases as part of spying missions against the Soviet Union." ] }, { "year": 1961, "label": "1961 CE", "entries": 274, "lead_items": [ "April 12 – Vostok 1: Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human in space, orbiting the Earth once before parachuting to the ground.", "April 17 – The U.S.-backed Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba begins; it fails by April 19." ] } ], "entries": 2735, "prev": { "slug": "1950s", "label": "1950s" }, "next": { "slug": "1970s", "label": "1970s" } } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/topic/{slug}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_topic_slug", "summary": "one subject across every century", "parameters": [ { "name": "slug", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "climate-and-environment" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one subject across every century", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "total": { "type": "integer" }, "centuries": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "count": { "type": "integer" }, "span": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "highlights": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "year_label": { "type": "string" }, "section": { "type": "string" }, "date": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "text": { "type": "string" }, "cite": { "type": "object", "properties": { "url": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "section": { "type": "string" } } }, "country": { "type": "string" } } } } } }, "example": { "slug": "climate-and-environment", "label": "Climate & Environment", "total": 3040, "centuries": [ { "slug": "5th-century-bc", "label": "5th century BC", "count": 12, "span": [ "492 BCE", "400 BCE" ] }, { "slug": "1st-century", "label": "1st century", "count": 19, "span": [ "11 CE", "79 CE" ] } ], "highlights": [ { "year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China; 830,000 people may have been killed.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#January–March", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › January–March" } }, { "year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – The 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake in the Republic of Ragusa (part of modern-day Croatia) kills as many as 5,000 people, roughly one sixth of the population, and levels most of the buildings in Dubrovnik.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#April–June", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › April–June" } } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/topic/{slug}/{century}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_topic_slug_century", "summary": "one subject inside one century", "parameters": [ { "name": "slug", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "climate-and-environment" }, { "name": "century", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "20th-century" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one subject inside one century", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "topic": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" } } }, "century": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" } } }, "count": { "type": "integer" }, "span": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "items": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "year_label": { "type": "string" }, "section": { "type": "string" }, "date": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "text": { "type": "string" }, "cite": { "type": "object", "properties": { "url": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "section": { "type": "string" } } }, "country": { "type": "string" } } } }, "prev": { "type": [ "object", "null" ], "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" } } }, "next": { "type": [ "object", "null" ], "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "example": { "topic": { "slug": "climate-and-environment", "label": "Climate & Environment" }, "century": { "slug": "20th-century", "label": "20th century" }, "count": 1309, "span": [ "1900 CE", "1999 CE" ], "items": [ { "year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March", "text": "March to May – Record rainfall and flooding affect the Pilbara and Gascoyne regions of Western Australia", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349429952#Events", "title": "1900 in Australia", "revid": 1349429952, "section": "Events" }, "country": "Australia" }, { "year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 2", "text": "2 July – Snow falls to extremely low levels in New South Wales, being recorded as low as Forbes.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349429952#Events", "title": "1900 in Australia", "revid": 1349429952, "section": "Events" }, "country": "Australia" } ], "prev": { "slug": "19th-century", "label": "19th century" }, "next": { "slug": "21st-century", "label": "21st century" } } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/entities.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_entities", "summary": "index of every subject that has a timeline", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "index of every subject that has a timeline", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "count": { "type": "integer" }, "entities": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "qid": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "description": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "entries": { "type": "integer" }, "years": { "type": "integer" }, "span_label": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } } } } } }, "example": { "count": 4900, "entities": [ { "slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "qid": "Q220", "description": "capital and largest city of Italy", "entries": 497, "years": 461, "span_label": [ "771 BCE", "2023 CE" ] }, { "slug": "china", "label": "China", "qid": "Q148", "description": "country in East Asia", "entries": 421, "years": 371, "span_label": [ "1766 BCE", "2025 CE" ] } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/entity/{slug}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_entity_slug", "summary": "one subject: every dated entry naming it, in order, with its Wikidata id", "parameters": [ { "name": "slug", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "apollo-program" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one subject: every dated entry naming it, in order, with its Wikidata id", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "wikipedia": { "type": "string" }, "wikidata": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "qid": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "description": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "entries": { "type": "integer" }, "years": { "type": "integer" }, "span": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "integer" } }, "span_label": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "topics": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "title": { "type": "string" }, "count": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "also_known_as": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "related": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "slug": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "shared": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "items": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "year_label": { "type": "string" }, "section": { "type": "string" }, "date": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "text": { "type": "string" }, "cite": { "type": "object", "properties": { "url": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "section": { "type": "string" } } } } } } } }, "example": { "slug": "apollo-program", "label": "Apollo program", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46611", "qid": "Q46611", "description": "1961–1972 American human spaceflight program", "entries": 23, "years": 10, "span": [ 1920, 2024 ], "span_label": [ "1920 CE", "2024 CE" ], "topics": [ { "title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 21 }, { "title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1 } ], "also_known_as": [ "Apollo Program", "Project Apollo" ], "related": [ { "slug": "moon", "label": "Moon", "shared": 7 }, { "slug": "nasa", "label": "NASA", "shared": 4 } ], "items": [ { "year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – The New York Times ridicules the American rocket scientist Robert H. Goddard. (Decades later, on July 17, 1969, as the Apollo 11 crew head to the Moon, the newspaper will retract this editorial.)", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361426384#January", "title": "1920 in the United States", "revid": 1361426384, "section": "Events › January" } }, { "year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – Apollo program: U.S. President Kennedy announces, before a special joint session of Congress, that the United States \"should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth\".", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#May", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › May" } } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/search": { "get": { "operationId": "api_search", "summary": "subjects matching a query and their dated entries; &from= &to= &limit=", "parameters": [ { "name": "q", "in": "query", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "apollo", "description": "free text; matched against subject names and descriptions" }, { "name": "from", "in": "query", "schema": { "type": "integer" }, "description": "earliest year, astronomical numbering" }, { "name": "to", "in": "query", "schema": { "type": "integer" } }, { "name": "limit", "in": "query", "schema": { "type": "integer", "default": 20 } } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "subjects matching a query and their dated entries; &from= &to= &limit=", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object" } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/facts/{year}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_facts_year", "summary": "one year, 1800-2025, from outside series: world population, U.S. prices and CPI, who led every state, Billboard Hot 100 No. 1s; each figure with its source", "parameters": [ { "name": "year", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "1969" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one year, 1800-2025, from outside series: world population, U.S. prices and CPI, who led every state, Billboard Hot 100 No. 1s; each figure with its source", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "population": { "type": "object", "properties": { "value": { "type": "integer" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "prices": { "type": "object", "properties": { "cpi": { "type": "number" }, "cpi_now": { "type": "number" }, "cpi_now_date": { "type": "string" }, "dollar_today": { "type": "number" }, "cpi_source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "series": { "type": "string" }, "name": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "items": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "id": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "then": { "type": "number" }, "then_in_today_dollars": { "type": "number" }, "now": { "type": "number" }, "now_date": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "series": { "type": "string" }, "name": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } } } } }, "leaders": { "type": "object", "properties": { "states": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "state": { "type": "string" }, "region": { "type": "string" }, "country": { "type": "string" }, "wikipedia": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "key": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "holders": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "person": { "type": "string" }, "qid": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "office": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "quote": { "type": "string" } } } } } } }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" }, "retrieved": { "type": "string" } } }, "checked": { "type": "string" } } }, "hot100": { "type": "object", "properties": { "weeks": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "date": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "artist": { "type": "string" } } } }, "songs": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "title": { "type": "string" }, "artist": { "type": "string" }, "weeks": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" }, "retrieved": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "official": { "type": "object", "properties": { "unemployment_rate": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "cpi_u": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "fed_funds_rate": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "us_gdp": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "us_population": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "integer" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "co2_mauna_loa": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "global_temp_anomaly": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "earthquakes_m7plus": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "integer" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "fx_usd_gbp": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "fx_jpy_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "fx_cad_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "fx_chf_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "fx_inr_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "federal_debt": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "fx_cny_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "fx_mxn_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "fx_usd_eur": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } } } }, "nobel": { "type": "object", "properties": { "prizes": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "category": { "type": "string" }, "name": { "type": "string" }, "kind": { "type": "string" }, "qid": { "type": "string" }, "motivation": { "type": "string" }, "share": { "type": "string" }, "nobel_url": { "type": "string" }, "prize_status": { "type": "string" } } } }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "checked_against": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "property": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "not_awarded": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } } }, "births": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "text": { "type": "string" }, "person": { "type": "string" }, "cite": { "type": "object", "properties": { "url": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" } } } } } } } }, "example": { "year": 1969, "population": { "value": 3619491581, "source": { "name": "Population (HYDE 3.3; Gapminder; UN World Population Prospects)", "publisher": "Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "prices": { "cpi": 36.6833, "cpi_now": 336.94, "cpi_now_date": "2026-09-01", "dollar_today": 9.1851, "cpi_source": { "series": "CPIAUCNS", "name": "Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics", "url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCNS", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" }, "items": [ { "id": "house", "label": "Median price of a new house sold", "unit": "house", "then": 25600.0, "then_in_today_dollars": 235138.7143, "now": 410700.0, "now_date": "2026-04-01", "source": { "series": "MSPUS", "name": "Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States", "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development", "url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MSPUS", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } }, { "id": "minwage", "label": "Federal minimum wage", "unit": "hour", "then": 1.6, "then_in_today_dollars": 14.6962, "now": 7.25, "now_date": "2026-01-01", "source": { "series": "STTMINWGFG", "name": "Federal Minimum Hourly Wage for Nonfarm Workers for the United States", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Labor", "url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/STTMINWGFG", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } } ] }, "leaders": { "states": [ { "state": "Republic of Cameroon", "region": "Africa", "country": "Cameroon", "wikipedia": "Cameroon", "key": null, "holders": [ { "name": "Ahmadou Ahidjo", "person": "Ahmadou Ahidjo", "qid": "Q298718", "title": "President", "office": "Presidents", "quote": "Ahmadou Ahidjo, President (1960–1982)" }, { "name": "Salomon Tandeng Muna", "person": "Salomon Tandeng Muna", "qid": "Q693094", "title": "Prime minister", "office": "Prime ministers", "quote": "Salomon Tandeng Muna, Prime minister (1968–1972)" } ] }, { "state": "Central African Republic", "region": "Africa", "country": "Central African Republic", "wikipedia": "Central African Republic", "key": null, "holders": [ { "name": "Jean-Bédel Bokassa", "person": "Jean-Bédel Bokassa", "qid": "Q162708", "title": "President", "office": "Presidents", "quote": "Jean-Bédel Bokassa, President (1966–1976)" } ] } ], "source": { "name": "Wikipedia", "title": "List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)", "revid": 1371751893, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371751893", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "retrieved": "2026-10-22" }, "checked": "Each holder is quoted from the list and kept for this year only where the person's own Wikidata record holds the same post over the same term, to within a year." }, "hot100": { "weeks": [ { "date": "1969-01-04", "title": "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "artist": "Marvin Gaye" }, { "date": "1969-01-11", "title": "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "artist": "Marvin Gaye" } ], "songs": [ { "title": "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "artist": "Marvin Gaye", "weeks": 4 }, { "title": "Crimson and Clover", "artist": "Tommy James and the Shondells", "weeks": 2 } ], "source": { "year": 1969, "title": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number ones of 1969", "revid": 1378392259, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1378392259", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "retrieved": "2026-10-22" } }, "official": { "unemployment_rate": { "name": "Civilian unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted (U-3)", "unit": "percent of civilian labor force", "value": 3.49, "annual_method": "mean of the 12 seasonally adjusted monthly values, rounded to 2 decimals (computed by slashyear). Note: BLS's own published annual average is computed from not-seasonally-adjusted data (LNU04000000) and can differ by about 0.1 point.", "source": { "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (Current Population Survey), via FRED series UNRATE", "url": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } }, "cpi_u": { "name": "Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), U.S. city average, all items, not seasonally adjusted", "unit": "index, 1982-84=100", "value": 36.683, "annual_method": "mean of the 12 not-seasonally-adjusted monthly index values, rounded to 3 decimals (computed by slashyear; BLS also publishes an annual average, not available via the keyless API, which may differ in the last digit for early years where monthly values are published to 1 decimal)", "source": { "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, via FRED series CPIAUCNS", "url": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/CUUR0000SA0", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } }, "fed_funds_rate": { "name": "Effective federal funds rate", "unit": "percent per year", "value": 8.21, "annual_method": "as published annual average in the Federal Reserve's H.15 release (DDP series RIFSPFF_N.A, an average of daily rates); 1954 omitted (series begins July 1954)", "source": { "publisher": "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (H.15 Selected Interest Rates), via FRED series FEDFUNDS", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h15/", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } }, "us_gdp": { "name": "U.S. gross domestic product, current dollars (nominal)", "unit": "billions of U.S. dollars", "value": 1017.615, "annual_method": "as published annual (BEA)", "source": { "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (NIPA Table 1.1.5), via FRED series GDPA", "url": "https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/?reqid=19&step=2&isuri=1&categories=survey#eyJhcHBpZCI6MTksInN0ZXBzIjpbMSwyLDNdLCJkYXRhIjpbWyJjYXRlZ29yaWVzIiwiU3VydmV5Il0sWyJOSVBBX1RhYmxlX0xpc3QiLCI1Il1dfQ==", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } }, "us_population": { "name": "U.S. population, midperiod (BEA NIPA definition, based on Census Bureau data)", "unit": "thousands of persons", "value": 202736, "annual_method": "as published annual (BEA midperiod population)", "source": { "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (NIPA Table 2.1, line 40; derived from U.S. Census Bureau estimates), via FRED series B230RC0A052NBEA", "url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/B230RC0A052NBEA", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } }, "co2_mauna_loa": { "name": "Atmospheric CO2 at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii", "unit": "ppm (micromol/mol, dry air mole fraction, WMO X2019 scale)", "value": 324.62, "annual_method": "as published annual mean (co2_annmean_mlo.txt)", "source": { "publisher": "NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (with Scripps Institution of Oceanography for pre-1974 data)", "url": "https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html", "license": "NOAA GML data are freely available to the public (U.S. government work); GML asks users to cite the data and the Mauna Loa CO2 record (Keeling et al. / NOAA GML)." } }, "global_temp_anomaly": { "name": "Global land and ocean surface temperature anomaly (NOAAGlobalTemp), relative to the 1901-2000 average", "unit": "degrees Celsius, departure from 1901-2000 mean", "value": 0.09, "annual_method": "as published annual (January-December) anomaly in Climate at a Glance", "source": { "publisher": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (Climate at a Glance, global time series)", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/global/time-series/globe/land_ocean/12/12/1850-2025", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } }, "earthquakes_m7plus": { "name": "Number of magnitude 7.0+ earthquakes worldwide per year, per the USGS ComCat catalog as of retrieval", "unit": "count of events (magnitude >= 7.0, eventtype=earthquake, UTC calendar year)", "value": 15, "annual_method": "FDSN 'count' endpoint per UTC calendar year (minmagnitude=7, eventtype=earthquake)", "source": { "publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program (ANSS Comprehensive Catalog, ComCat)", "url": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } } }, "nobel": { "prizes": [ { "category": "Physics", "name": "Murray Gell-Mann", "kind": "person", "qid": "Q172840", "motivation": "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions", "share": "1", "nobel_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/90" }, { "category": "Chemistry", "name": "Derek Barton", "kind": "person", "qid": "Q102419", "motivation": "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry", "share": "1/2", "nobel_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/237" } ], "source": { "name": "Nobel Prize API v2.1", "publisher": "Nobel Prize Outreach", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/about/developer-zone-2/", "license": "CC0" }, "checked_against": { "name": "Wikidata", "property": "P166 with P585", "license": "CC0" } }, "births": [ { "text": "May 16 – Tucker Carlson, American political commentator", "person": "Tucker Carlson", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#Births", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180 } }, { "text": "January 3 – Michael Schumacher, racing driver", "person": "Michael Schumacher", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330941780#Births", "title": "1969 in Germany", "revid": 1330941780 } } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/facts/index.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_facts_index", "summary": "which years have which facts", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "which years have which facts", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "built": { "type": "string" }, "years": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "population": { "type": "boolean" }, "prices": { "type": "boolean" }, "leaders": { "type": "integer" }, "hot100": { "type": "boolean" }, "nobel": { "type": "integer" }, "official": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } } } } } }, "example": { "built": "2026-10-27", "years": [ { "year": 1800, "population": true, "prices": false, "leaders": 51, "hot100": false, "nobel": 0, "official": [] }, { "year": 1801, "population": true, "prices": false, "leaders": 51, "hot100": false, "nobel": 0, "official": [] } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/prices.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_prices", "summary": "U.S. CPI and average prices by year (BLS, Census, DOL via FRED)", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "U.S. CPI and average prices by year (BLS, Census, DOL via FRED)", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "retrieved": { "type": "string" }, "cpi": { "type": "object", "properties": { "years": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "number" } }, "latest": { "type": "object", "properties": { "date": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" } } }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "series": { "type": "string" }, "name": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "items": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "id": { "type": "string" }, "label": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "frequency": { "type": "string" }, "years": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "number" } }, "latest": { "type": "object", "properties": { "date": { "type": "string" }, "value": { "type": "number" } } }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "series": { "type": "string" }, "name": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } } }, "population": { "type": "object", "properties": { "years": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "integer" } }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } } } }, "example": { "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "cpi": { "years": { "1913": 9.8833, "1914": 10.0167 }, "latest": { "date": "2026-09-01", "value": 336.94 }, "source": { "series": "CPIAUCNS", "name": "Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics", "url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCNS", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } }, "items": [ { "id": "gas", "label": "Gallon of regular gasoline", "unit": "gallon", "frequency": "monthly", "years": { "1976": 0.6143, "1977": 0.6563 }, "latest": { "date": "2026-09-01", "value": 4.482 }, "source": { "series": "APU000074714", "name": "Average Price: Gasoline, Unleaded Regular (Cost per Gallon/3.785 Liters)", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics", "url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU000074714", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } }, { "id": "eggs", "label": "Dozen large eggs", "unit": "dozen", "frequency": "monthly", "years": { "1980": 0.8438, "1981": 0.8987 }, "latest": { "date": "2026-09-01", "value": 2.272 }, "source": { "series": "APU0000708111", "name": "Average Price: Eggs, Grade A, Large (Cost per Dozen)", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics", "url": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU0000708111", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } } ], "population": { "years": { "1700": 595456896, "1710": 617975872 }, "source": { "name": "Population (HYDE 3.3; Gapminder; UN World Population Prospects)", "publisher": "Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } } } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/hot100.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_hot100", "summary": "every Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 by issue date, with its Wikipedia revision", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "every Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 by issue date, with its Wikipedia revision", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "sources": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" }, "retrieved": { "type": "string" } } } }, "weeks": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "date": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "artist": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" } } } } } }, "example": { "sources": [ { "year": 1958, "title": "List of Billboard number-one singles of 1958", "revid": 1335496105, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335496105", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "retrieved": "2026-10-22" }, { "year": 1959, "title": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number ones of 1959", "revid": 1338917788, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338917788", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "retrieved": "2026-10-22" } ], "weeks": [ { "date": "1958-08-04", "title": "Poor Little Fool", "artist": "Ricky Nelson", "revid": 1335496105 }, { "date": "1958-08-11", "title": "Poor Little Fool", "artist": "Ricky Nelson", "revid": 1335496105 } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/play/{month}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_play_month", "summary": "the guess-the-year puzzles for one month (YYYY-MM)", "parameters": [ { "name": "month", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "2026-10" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "the guess-the-year puzzles for one month (YYYY-MM)", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "month": { "type": "string" }, "puzzles": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "number": { "type": "integer" }, "date": { "type": "string" }, "year": { "type": "integer" }, "clues": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "text": { "type": "string" }, "cite": { "type": "object", "properties": { "url": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "section": { "type": "string" } } } } } } } } } } }, "example": { "month": "2026-10", "puzzles": [ { "number": 1, "date": "2026-10-22", "year": 1992, "clues": [ { "text": "Pakistan's Alam Channa enters Guinness Book of World Records as the tallest man in the world.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351642442#Events", "title": "1992 in Pakistan", "revid": 1351642442, "section": "Events" } }, { "text": "Ministry of Justice announces large-scale amnesty for political prisoners and criminals.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365747316#December", "title": "1992 in South Korea", "revid": 1365747316, "section": "Events › December" } } ] }, { "number": 2, "date": "2026-10-23", "year": 1971, "clues": [ { "text": "The United Kingdom opts out of the Space Race with the cancellation of its Black Arrow launch vehicle.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369905382#July", "title": "1971", "revid": 1369905382, "section": "Events › July" } }, { "text": "The Nasdaq stock exchange is founded in New York City.", "cite": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369905382#February", "title": "1971", "revid": 1369905382, "section": "Events › February" } } ] } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/asof/{date}": { "get": { "operationId": "api_asof_date", "summary": "the world on one date (YYYY-MM-DD): that day's entries, office holders that year, the Hot 100 No. 1 in force, prices, population, official series, Fed exchange rates and Nobel Prizes, each with its source", "parameters": [ { "name": "date", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "1969-07-20" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "the world on one date (YYYY-MM-DD): that day's entries, office holders that year, the Hot 100 No. 1 in force, prices, population, official series, Fed exchange rates and Nobel Prizes, each with its source", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object" } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/check": { "get": { "operationId": "api_check", "summary": "check one dated sentence against the record: structured verdicts for leaders, No. 1 singles and Nobel Prizes, dated evidence for anything else", "parameters": [ { "name": "claim", "in": "query", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "Richard Nixon was president of the United States in 1975", "description": "a sentence naming a year (and optionally a day)" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "check one dated sentence against the record: structured verdicts for leaders, No. 1 singles and Nobel Prizes, dated evidence for anything else", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object" } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/nobel.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_nobel", "summary": "every Nobel Prize by year, from the Nobel Prize API, kept where Wikidata agrees", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "every Nobel Prize by year, from the Nobel Prize API, kept where Wikidata agrees", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "retrieved": { "type": "string" }, "source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "checked_against": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "property": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "years": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "category": { "type": "string" }, "name": { "type": "string" }, "kind": { "type": "string" }, "qid": { "type": "string" }, "motivation": { "type": "string" }, "share": { "type": "string" }, "nobel_url": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "not_awarded": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } }, "disagreements": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "category": { "type": "string" }, "name": { "type": "string" }, "qid": { "type": "string" }, "nobel_api": { "type": "string" }, "wikidata": { "type": "string" }, "reason": { "type": "string" }, "wikidata_item": { "type": "string" }, "wikidata_recipients_that_year": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "stats": { "type": "object", "properties": { "rows": { "type": "integer" }, "kept": { "type": "integer" }, "dropped": { "type": "integer" } } } } }, "example": { "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "source": { "name": "Nobel Prize API v2.1", "publisher": "Nobel Prize Outreach", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/about/developer-zone-2/", "license": "CC0" }, "checked_against": { "name": "Wikidata", "property": "P166 with P585", "license": "CC0" }, "years": { "1901": [ { "category": "Physics", "name": "Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen", "kind": "person", "qid": "Q35149", "motivation": "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him", "share": "1", "nobel_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/1" }, { "category": "Chemistry", "name": "Jacobus H. van 't Hoff", "kind": "person", "qid": "Q102822", "motivation": "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions", "share": "1", "nobel_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/160" } ], "1902": [ { "category": "Physics", "name": "Hendrik A. Lorentz", "kind": "person", "qid": "Q41688", "motivation": "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena", "share": "1/2", "nobel_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/2" }, { "category": "Physics", "name": "Pieter Zeeman", "kind": "person", "qid": "Q79000", "motivation": "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena", "share": "1/2", "nobel_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/3" } ] }, "not_awarded": { "1914": [ "Literature", "Peace" ], "1915": [ "Physiology or Medicine", "Peace" ] }, "disagreements": [ { "year": 2001, "category": "Peace", "name": "United Nations", "qid": "Q1065", "nobel_api": "Peace 2001", "wikidata": "P166 Nobel Peace Prize (Q35637), P585=2002-01-01 (precision 9), rank=NormalRank", "reason": "wikidata_year_differs", "wikidata_item": "Q1065 = 'United Nations' (global international and intergovernmental organization)", "wikidata_recipients_that_year": [ "Q1254 Kofi Annan" ] }, { "year": 2008, "category": "Literature", "name": "Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio", "qid": "Q7884119", "nobel_api": "Literature 2008", "wikidata": "no P166 statement for Nobel Prize in Literature (Q37922)", "reason": "wikidata_missing_award", "wikidata_item": "Q7884119 = 'Une lettre de J. M. G. Le Clézio' (essay by Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio)", "wikidata_recipients_that_year": [ "Q42037 Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio" ] } ], "stats": { "rows": 1036, "kept": 1034, "dropped": 2 } } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/disagreements.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_disagreements", "summary": "where Wikipedia, Wikidata and the Nobel Prize record disagree, both sides quoted", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "where Wikipedia, Wikidata and the Nobel Prize record disagree, both sides quoted", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "generated": { "type": "string" }, "what": { "type": "string" }, "sections": { "type": "object", "properties": { "leaders": { "type": "object", "properties": { "title": { "type": "string" }, "rule": { "type": "string" }, "rows": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "state": { "type": "string" }, "person": { "type": "string" }, "post": { "type": "string" }, "wikidata": { "type": "string" }, "wikipedia_says": { "type": "string" }, "wikipedia_quote": { "type": "string" }, "wikipedia_source": { "type": "object", "properties": { "article": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" }, "url": { "type": "string" } } }, "wikidata_says": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "post": { "type": "string" }, "start": { "type": "integer" }, "end": { "type": "integer" } } } }, "wikidata_url": { "type": "string" }, "difference_years": { "type": "integer" }, "note": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] } } } }, "count": { "type": "integer" } } }, "life_years": { "type": "object", "properties": { "title": { "type": "string" }, "rule": { "type": "string" }, "rows": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "kind": { "type": "string" }, "person": { "type": "string" }, "wikipedia_says": { "type": "integer" }, "wikidata_says": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "integer" } }, "wikipedia_text": { "type": "string" }, "wikipedia_source": { "type": [ "object", "null" ], "properties": { "url": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" } } }, "difference_years": { "type": "integer" }, "approximate": { "type": "boolean" } } } }, "count": { "type": "integer" } } }, "life_days": { "type": "object", "properties": { "title": { "type": "string" }, "rule": { "type": "string" }, "rows": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "kind": { "type": "string" }, "person": { "type": "string" }, "year": { "type": "integer" }, "wikipedia_says": { "type": "string" }, "wikidata_says": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "wikipedia_text": { "type": "string" }, "wikipedia_source": { "type": [ "object", "null" ], "properties": { "url": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "revid": { "type": "integer" } } }, "difference_days": { "type": "integer" }, "calendar_note": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] } } } }, "count": { "type": "integer" } } }, "nobel": { "type": "object", "properties": { "title": { "type": "string" }, "rule": { "type": "string" }, "rows": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "year": { "type": "integer" }, "category": { "type": "string" }, "name": { "type": "string" }, "qid": { "type": "string" }, "nobel_api": { "type": "string" }, "wikidata": { "type": "string" }, "reason": { "type": "string" }, "wikidata_item": { "type": "string" }, "wikidata_recipients_that_year": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "count": { "type": "integer" } } } } } } }, "example": { "generated": "2026-10-27", "what": "Facts on which two sources slashyear checks against each other disagree. Each row gives what each source says and where; none says which source is right. Leaders' terms and Nobel Prizes are published only where the sources agree, so those rows were held back. Birth and death lines are still quoted on year pages exactly as Wikipedia prints them; these rows mark the ones Wikidata dates differently.", "sections": { "leaders": { "title": "Leaders' terms: Wikipedia's state-leader lists vs Wikidata", "rule": "Wikidata holds the same office for the person (a post sharing a word with the list's title or state), but no such statement starts and ends within a year of the list's term", "rows": [ { "state": "Muang Phuan", "person": "Somphou", "post": "King", "wikidata": "Q881405", "wikipedia_says": "1779–1803", "wikipedia_quote": "Somphou, King (1779–1803)", "wikipedia_source": { "article": "List of state leaders in the 18th century", "revid": 1379905301, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1379905301" }, "wikidata_says": [ { "post": "king of Lan Xang", "start": 1496, "end": 1501 } ], "wikidata_url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q881405", "difference_years": 302, "note": "a gap this large usually means the list links to an article about a different person of the same name" }, { "state": "Muang Phuan", "person": "Somphou", "post": "King", "wikidata": "Q881405", "wikipedia_says": "1779–1803", "wikipedia_quote": "Somphou, King (1779–1803)", "wikipedia_source": { "article": "List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)", "revid": 1360994931, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360994931" }, "wikidata_says": [ { "post": "king of Lan Xang", "start": 1496, "end": 1501 } ], "wikidata_url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q881405", "difference_years": 302, "note": "a gap this large usually means the list links to an article about a different person of the same name" } ], "count": 181 }, "life_years": { "title": "Birth and death years: Wikipedia year articles vs Wikidata", "rule": "the year article files the person's birth or death under a year Wikidata does not give; only rows where the person is the sentence's subject", "rows": [ { "kind": "birth", "person": "Narsinh Mehta", "wikipedia_says": 1414, "wikidata_says": [ 1814 ], "wikipedia_text": "probable – Narsinh Mehta, poet-saint of Gujarat (d. 1481)", "wikipedia_source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368828978#Births", "title": "1414", "revid": 1368828978 }, "difference_years": 400, "approximate": true }, { "kind": "death", "person": "Shusun Tong", "wikipedia_says": 188, "wikidata_says": [ -187 ], "wikipedia_text": "Shusun Tong, Chinese official and ritual specialist", "wikipedia_source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371309114#Deaths", "title": "AD 188", "revid": 1371309114 }, "difference_years": 375, "approximate": false } ], "count": 1598 }, "life_days": { "title": "Birth and death days: Wikipedia year articles vs Wikidata (1583 on)", "rule": "same year, different calendar day", "rows": [ { "kind": "death", "person": "Ivan Fyodorov (printer)", "year": 1583, "wikipedia_says": "December 16", "wikidata_says": [ "December 5" ], "wikipedia_text": "December 16 – Ivan Fyodorov, Russian printer", "wikipedia_source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#Deaths", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090 }, "difference_days": 11, "calendar_note": "a 10-13 day gap is the size of the Julian/Gregorian difference; one source may be giving the old-style date" }, { "kind": "birth", "person": "Grégoire de Saint-Vincent", "year": 1584, "wikipedia_says": "March 22", "wikidata_says": [ "September 8" ], "wikipedia_text": "March 22 – Grégoire de Saint-Vincent, Flemish Jesuit mathematician (d. 1667)", "wikipedia_source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561067#Births", "title": "1584", "revid": 1369561067 }, "difference_days": 170, "calendar_note": null } ], "count": 477 }, "nobel": { "title": "Nobel Prizes: the Nobel Prize API vs Wikidata", "rule": "Wikidata has no award-received statement for that prize in that year for the item the API names", "rows": [ { "year": 2001, "category": "Peace", "name": "United Nations", "qid": "Q1065", "nobel_api": "Peace 2001", "wikidata": "P166 Nobel Peace Prize (Q35637), P585=2002-01-01 (precision 9), rank=NormalRank", "reason": "wikidata_year_differs", "wikidata_item": "Q1065 = 'United Nations' (global international and intergovernmental organization)", "wikidata_recipients_that_year": [ "Q1254 Kofi Annan" ] }, { "year": 2008, "category": "Literature", "name": "Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio", "qid": "Q7884119", "nobel_api": "Literature 2008", "wikidata": "no P166 statement for Nobel Prize in Literature (Q37922)", "reason": "wikidata_missing_award", "wikidata_item": "Q7884119 = 'Une lettre de J. M. G. Le Clézio' (essay by Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio)", "wikidata_recipients_that_year": [ "Q42037 Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio" ] } ], "count": 2 } } } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/official/index.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_official_index", "summary": "official data series (BLS, BEA, Treasury, Fed, NOAA...) and their cross-checks", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "official data series (BLS, BEA, Treasury, Fed, NOAA...) and their cross-checks", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "retrieved": { "type": "string" }, "series": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "frequency": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" }, "id": { "type": "string" }, "span": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "file": { "type": "string" } } } }, "fx": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "fx_meta": { "type": "object", "properties": { "fx_usd_gbp": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "fx_jpy_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "fx_cad_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "fx_chf_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "fx_usd_eur": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "fx_mxn_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "fx_cny_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } }, "fx_inr_usd": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" } } } } } } }, "example": { "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "series": [ { "name": "Civilian unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted (U-3)", "unit": "percent of civilian labor force", "frequency": "monthly", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (Current Population Survey), via FRED series UNRATE", "url": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)", "id": "unemployment_rate", "span": [ "1948", "2024" ], "file": "/api/official/unemployment_rate.json" }, { "name": "Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), U.S. city average, all items, not seasonally adjusted", "unit": "index, 1982-84=100", "frequency": "monthly", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, via FRED series CPIAUCNS", "url": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/CUUR0000SA0", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)", "id": "cpi_u", "span": [ "1913", "2024" ], "file": "/api/official/cpi_u.json" } ], "fx": [ "fx_usd_gbp", "fx_jpy_usd" ], "fx_meta": { "fx_usd_gbp": { "name": "Foreign exchange rate: U.S. dollars per British pound (noon buying rates in New York)", "unit": "U.S. dollars per British pound", "publisher": "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (H.10 Foreign Exchange Rates), via FRED series DEXUSUK", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" }, "fx_jpy_usd": { "name": "Foreign exchange rate: Japanese yen per U.S. dollar (noon buying rates in New York)", "unit": "Japanese yen per U.S. dollar", "publisher": "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (H.10 Foreign Exchange Rates), via FRED series DEXJPUS", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" }, "fx_cad_usd": { "name": "Foreign exchange rate: Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar (noon buying rates in New York)", "unit": "Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar", "publisher": "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (H.10 Foreign Exchange Rates), via FRED series DEXCAUS", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" }, "fx_chf_usd": { "name": "Foreign exchange rate: Swiss francs per U.S. dollar (noon buying rates in New York)", "unit": "Swiss francs per U.S. dollar", "publisher": "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (H.10 Foreign Exchange Rates), via FRED series DEXSZUS", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" }, "fx_usd_eur": { "name": "Foreign exchange rate: U.S. dollars per euro (noon buying rates in New York)", "unit": "U.S. dollars per euro", "publisher": "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (H.10 Foreign Exchange Rates), via FRED series DEXUSEU", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" }, "fx_mxn_usd": { "name": "Foreign exchange rate: Mexican pesos per U.S. dollar (noon buying rates in New York)", "unit": "Mexican pesos per U.S. dollar", "publisher": "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (H.10 Foreign Exchange Rates), via FRED series DEXMXUS", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" }, "fx_cny_usd": { "name": "Foreign exchange rate: Chinese yuan renminbi per U.S. dollar (noon buying rates in New York)", "unit": "Chinese yuan renminbi per U.S. dollar", "publisher": "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (H.10 Foreign Exchange Rates), via FRED series DEXCHUS", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" }, "fx_inr_usd": { "name": "Foreign exchange rate: Indian rupees per U.S. dollar (noon buying rates in New York)", "unit": "Indian rupees per U.S. dollar", "publisher": "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (H.10 Foreign Exchange Rates), via FRED series DEXINUS", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)" } } } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/official/{series}.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_official_series", "summary": "one official series with every native value (annual, monthly, daily)", "parameters": [ { "name": "series", "in": "path", "required": true, "schema": { "type": "string" }, "example": "unemployment_rate" } ], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one official series with every native value (annual, monthly, daily)", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "id": { "type": "string" }, "name": { "type": "string" }, "unit": { "type": "string" }, "frequency": { "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "license": { "type": "string" }, "annual_method": { "type": "string" }, "notes": { "type": "string" }, "cross_check": { "type": "object", "properties": { "against": { "type": "string" }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "points_compared": { "type": "integer" }, "max_abs_diff": { "type": "number" }, "tolerance": { "type": [ "integer", "number" ] }, "passed": { "type": "boolean" }, "note": { "type": "string" } } }, "annual": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "number" } }, "monthly": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "number" } }, "additional_checks": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "what": { "type": "string" }, "points_compared": { "type": "integer" }, "max_abs_diff": { "type": "number" }, "worst_point": { "type": "string" }, "fy_end_on_non_business_day_compared_to_prior_business_day": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "string" } }, "fiscal_years_without_penny_row": { "type": "array", "items": {} }, "nonzero_differences_usd": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "number" } }, "url": { "type": "string" }, "max_abs_diff_pct": { "type": "number" }, "years_verified_only_by_this_check": { "type": "string" }, "years_beyond_tolerance_pct": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "number" } }, "within_0.0001": { "type": "boolean" }, "fred_only_days": { "type": "integer" }, "h10_only_days": { "type": "integer" }, "fred_only_sample": { "type": "array", "items": {} }, "h10_only_sample": { "type": "array", "items": {} }, "max_abs_diff_billions": { "type": "number" }, "urls": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }, "by_period": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "years": { "type": "string" }, "n": { "type": "integer" }, "bea_minus_census_pct_min": { "type": "number" }, "bea_minus_census_pct_max": { "type": "number" } } } } } } }, "fiscal_year_end_dates": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "string" } }, "daily": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "number" } } } }, "example": { "id": "unemployment_rate", "name": "Civilian unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted (U-3)", "unit": "percent of civilian labor force", "frequency": "monthly", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (Current Population Survey), via FRED series UNRATE", "url": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000", "license": "Public domain (U.S. government work)", "annual_method": "mean of the 12 seasonally adjusted monthly values, rounded to 2 decimals (computed by slashyear). Note: BLS's own published annual average is computed from not-seasonally-adjusted data (LNU04000000) and can differ by about 0.1 point.", "notes": "Annual value omitted for years with missing monthly observations (no fills): 2025 missing 2025-10. (October 2025 data were not collected/published during the Oct-Nov 2025 federal government shutdown.)", "cross_check": { "against": "BLS Public Data API v1, series LNS14000000 (sampled decades 1948-57, 1975-84, 2000-09, 2016-25)", "url": "https://api.bls.gov/publicAPI/v1/timeseries/data/LNS14000000", "points_compared": 479, "max_abs_diff": 0.0, "tolerance": 0.0, "passed": true }, "annual": { "1948": 3.75, "1949": 6.05 }, "monthly": { "1948-01": 3.4, "1948-02": 3.8 } } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/api/bench/summary.json": { "get": { "operationId": "api_bench_summary", "summary": "SlashYear-Bench: closed-book scores of language models on dated history", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "SlashYear-Bench: closed-book scores of language models on dated history", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "benchmark": { "type": "string" }, "generated": { "type": "string" }, "n_items": { "type": "integer" }, "n_by_type": { "type": "object", "properties": { "event_year": { "type": "integer" }, "number_one": { "type": "integer" }, "leader": { "type": "integer" }, "cpi": { "type": "integer" } } }, "models": { "type": "object", "properties": { "gpt-6-astra": { "type": "object", "properties": { "n": { "type": "integer" }, "n_answered": { "type": "integer" }, "n_errors": { "type": "integer" }, "accuracy": { "type": "number" }, "macro_accuracy": { "type": "number" }, "per_type": { "type": "object", "properties": { "event_year": { "type": "number" }, "number_one": { "type": "number" }, "leader": { "type": "number" }, "cpi": { "type": "number" } } }, "event_year_within_1": { "type": "number" }, "event_year_median_abs_err": { "type": "number" }, "event_year_mean_abs_err": { "type": "number" } } }, "gpt-6-luna": { "type": "object", "properties": { "n": { "type": "integer" }, "n_answered": { "type": "integer" }, "n_errors": { "type": "integer" }, "accuracy": { "type": "number" }, "macro_accuracy": { "type": "number" }, "per_type": { "type": "object", "properties": { "event_year": { "type": "number" }, "number_one": { "type": "number" }, "leader": { "type": "number" }, "cpi": { "type": "number" } } }, "event_year_within_1": { "type": "number" }, "event_year_median_abs_err": { "type": "number" }, "event_year_mean_abs_err": { "type": "number" } } }, "gpt-6.1-sol": { "type": "object", "properties": { "n": { "type": "integer" }, "n_answered": { "type": "integer" }, "n_errors": { "type": "integer" }, "accuracy": { "type": "number" }, "macro_accuracy": { "type": "number" }, "per_type": { "type": "object", "properties": { "event_year": { "type": "number" }, "number_one": { "type": "number" }, "leader": { "type": "number" }, "cpi": { "type": "number" } } }, "event_year_within_1": { "type": "number" }, "event_year_median_abs_err": { "type": "number" }, "event_year_mean_abs_err": { "type": "number" } } } } }, "notes": { "type": "object", "properties": { "prompting": { "type": "string" }, "accuracy": { "type": "string" }, "event_year": { "type": "string" }, "number_one": { "type": "string" }, "leader": { "type": "string" }, "cpi": { "type": "string" }, "leader_unambiguity": { "type": "string" }, "leader_matcher_check": { "type": "string" }, "errors": { "type": "string" } } } } }, "example": { "benchmark": "SlashYear-Bench", "generated": "2026-10-27", "n_items": 1000, "n_by_type": { "event_year": 400, "number_one": 200, "leader": 250, "cpi": 150 }, "models": { "gpt-6-astra": { "n": 1000, "n_answered": 998, "n_errors": 2, "accuracy": 0.965, "macro_accuracy": 0.9745, "per_type": { "event_year": 0.93, "number_one": 0.98, "leader": 0.988, "cpi": 1.0 }, "event_year_within_1": 0.9475, "event_year_median_abs_err": 0.0, "event_year_mean_abs_err": 1.69 }, "gpt-6-luna": { "n": 1000, "n_answered": 998, "n_errors": 2, "accuracy": 0.907, "macro_accuracy": 0.9101, "per_type": { "event_year": 0.8975, "number_one": 0.78, "leader": 0.976, "cpi": 0.9867 }, "event_year_within_1": 0.9225, "event_year_median_abs_err": 0.0, "event_year_mean_abs_err": 2.31 }, "gpt-6.1-sol": { "n": 1000, "n_answered": 998, "n_errors": 2, "accuracy": 0.967, "macro_accuracy": 0.9761, "per_type": { "event_year": 0.9325, "number_one": 0.98, "leader": 0.992, "cpi": 1.0 }, "event_year_within_1": 0.95, "event_year_median_abs_err": 0.0, "event_year_mean_abs_err": 1.92 } }, "notes": { "prompting": "Closed book, single turn, no tools. Azure OpenAI Responses API with instructions 'Answer from memory. Be concise; give only the answer.' and max_output_tokens=4000 (retried at 16000 if a reasoning model returned no text).", "accuracy": "Errors / empty responses count as incorrect; n is the full item count.", "event_year": "Exact year; within_1 = |pred-gold| <= 1. Prediction = first 3-4 digit integer.", "number_one": "Normalized title match (accents, case, punctuation, parentheticals ignored); artist not required.", "leader": "Name matcher: last significant token, or two significant tokens, or regnal name + numeral; accent-folded with a small given-name exonym table.", "cpi": "First number in the response (excluding the two years and 100), within 3% of 100*CPI[Y2]/CPI[Y1].", "leader_unambiguity": "Leader items are unambiguous within slashyear's checked leader record: exactly one holder of the title is recorded for that state and year, with a tenure spanning the whole year. A year where a second holder was dropped by slashyear's cross-check could still show one recorded holder.", "leader_matcher_check": "Manual read of 30 randomly sampled graded leader items (all 3 models, seed 7): 30/30 grades agreed with a human reading. All leader items graded wrong were also read (11 across the 3 models): 4 are matcher false negatives (Roshdy/Rushdi transliteration x3, 'Mahmud Bey' for Mahmud ibn Muhammad x1), 3 are a numbering convention in the gold (gold 'Francis II' [HRE numbering], models said 'Francis I of Austria', same person), 4 are genuine errors. Leader accuracy is therefore understated by up to ~1-1.2 points per model.", "errors": "2 items (ev-0078, ev-0367) were rejected by the Azure content filter (HTTP 400) for all three models; they count as wrong. No other API errors after retries." } } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/dump/events.ndjson.gz": { "get": { "operationId": "dump_events_ndjson_gz", "summary": "every dated entry on the site, gzipped newline-delimited JSON", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "every dated entry on the site, gzipped newline-delimited JSON", "content": { "application/gzip": { "schema": { "type": "string", "format": "binary" } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/dump/years.ndjson.gz": { "get": { "operationId": "dump_years_ndjson_gz", "summary": "one record per year", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one record per year", "content": { "application/gzip": { "schema": { "type": "string", "format": "binary" } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/dump/entities.ndjson.gz": { "get": { "operationId": "dump_entities_ndjson_gz", "summary": "one record per subject timeline", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "one record per subject timeline", "content": { "application/gzip": { "schema": { "type": "string", "format": "binary" } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } }, "/dump/datapackage.json": { "get": { "operationId": "dump_datapackage", "summary": "Frictionless description of the three dumps", "parameters": [], "responses": { "200": { "description": "Frictionless description of the three dumps", "content": { "application/json": { "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "description": { "type": "string" }, "homepage": { "type": "string" }, "licenses": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "path": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" } } } }, "profile": { "type": "string" }, "resources": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "path": { "type": "string" }, "format": { "type": "string" }, "mediatype": { "type": "string" }, "encoding": { "type": "string" }, "description": { "type": "string" }, "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "fields": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": { "type": "string" }, "type": { "type": "string" }, "description": { "type": "string" } } } } } } } } } } }, "example": { "name": "slashyear", "title": "slashyear — the year-by-year historical record, sourced line by line", "description": "Every entry published on slashyear.com, each carrying the English Wikipedia revision id the sentence was quoted from. Newline-delimited JSON, gzipped. No key, no signup, no rate limit.", "homepage": "https://slashyear.com", "licenses": [ { "name": "CC-BY-SA-4.0", "path": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "title": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0" } ], "profile": "data-package", "resources": [ { "name": "events", "path": "https://slashyear.com/dump/events.ndjson.gz", "format": "ndjson", "mediatype": "application/x-ndjson", "encoding": "utf-8", "description": "121,329 dated entries", "schema": { "fields": [ { "name": "year", "type": "integer", "description": "astronomical numbering; -43 is 44 BCE" }, { "name": "year_label", "type": "string" } ] } }, { "name": "years", "path": "https://slashyear.com/dump/years.ndjson.gz", "format": "ndjson", "mediatype": "application/x-ndjson", "description": "3,078 year records with their source revision" } ] } } } }, "404": { "description": "no such year, date, country or subject" } } } } } }