{"slug": "zurich", "label": "Zurich", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72", "qid": "Q72", "description": "most populous city in Switzerland and capital of the canton of Zurich", "entries": 23, "years": 22, "span": [853, 1993], "span_label": ["853 CE", "1993 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Zürich"], "related": [{"slug": "huldrych-zwingli", "label": "Huldrych Zwingli", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "switzerland", "label": "Switzerland", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "brussels", "label": "Brussels", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "old-swiss-confederacy", "label": "Old Swiss Confederacy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "anabaptism", "label": "Anabaptism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tehran", "label": "Tehran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "diplomacy", "label": "Diplomacy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-york-city", "label": "New York City", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "frankfurt", "label": "Frankfurt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "trans-world-airlines", "label": "Trans World Airlines", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-the-german", "label": "Louis the German", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 853, "year_label": "853 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Fraumünster Church in Zürich (modern Switzerland) is founded by Louis the German.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072185#Religion", "title": "853", "revid": 1267072185, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1032, "year_label": "1032 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Odo II, count of Champagne, invades Burgundy and seizes most of the kingdom for himself. With the assistance of Humbert I of Savoy, Queen-dowager Ermengarde (Rudolph III's widow) flees to the safety of Zürich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342215247#Europe", "title": "1032", "revid": 1342215247, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1419, "year_label": "1419 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Representatives of the Swiss cantons of Lucerne, Uri and Unterwalden begin negotiations in Zurich with the Canton of Bern in an attempt to prevent the breakup of the Swiss Confederation. The negotiations soon fail.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358545199#April–June", "title": "1419", "revid": 1358545199, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1443, "year_label": "1443 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl (Old Zurich War): The forces of the city of Zurich are defeated, but the Swiss Confederacy have insufficient strength to besiege and take the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349474708#July–September", "title": "1443", "revid": 1349474708, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1519, "year_label": "1519 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Ulrich Zwingli preaches for the first time, as people's priest of the Great Minister in Zurich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365433723#January–March", "title": "1519", "revid": 1365433723, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – In Zurich in Switzerland, the Affair of the Sausages begins as Pastor Huldrych Zwingli of Grossmünster publicly speaks out against the food restrictions during the Roman Catholic period of fasting during Lent, and advocating that followers of Martin Luther eat sausage, one of the prohibited foods. Zwingli defends his action in the sermon Von Erkiesen und Freiheit der Speisen (\"Regarding the freedom of Choice of Foods\"), in that the Bible does not prohibit the eating of meat during Lent. The public declaration sparks the Reformation in Zürich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#January–March", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1525, "year_label": "1525 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – The Anabaptist Movement is born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptize each other in the home of Manz's mother on Neustadt-Gasse, Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819017#January–March", "title": "1525", "revid": 1368819017, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1525, "year_label": "1525 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – In Switzerland, the burning of most of the book collection of the Stiftsbibliothek of the Grossmünster Abbey in Zurich begins, by order of Huldrych Zwingli, as part of the Swiss Reformation. After 20 days of destruction of a collection built since 1259 for over 250 years, only 470 volumes are left.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819017#July–September", "title": "1525", "revid": 1368819017, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, is drowned in the Limmat in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366980186#January–March", "title": "1527", "revid": 1366980186, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1531, "year_label": "1531 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – Battle of Kappel: The forces of Zürich are defeated by the Catholic cantons. Huldrych Zwingli, the Swiss religious reformer, is killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359939156#October–December", "title": "1531", "revid": 1359939156, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Pentecost – Calvinist congregations in Zurich introduce music into their services.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#Date_unknown", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Heinrich Escher, Mayor of Zürich, introduces chocolate to Switzerland from Brussels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#Date_unknown", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Arnold Escher von der Linth becomes a professor of geology at the École Polytechnique in Zurich", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739746#Events", "title": "1856 in Switzerland", "revid": 1353739746, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1886, "year_label": "1886 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – Grasshopper Club Zürich is founded as the first football club in the Swiss city of Zürich by English students.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679431#September", "title": "1886", "revid": 1372679431, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 30", "text": "30 September – All workers in major banks in Zürich walk out in protest over salaries and the rising cost of living.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275821404#Events", "title": "1918 in Switzerland", "revid": 1275821404, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1929, "year_label": "1929 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "1929 UCI Road World Championships took place in Zurich", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359426727#Events", "title": "1929 in Switzerland", "revid": 1359426727, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The second Swiss Exhibition for Women's Work takes place in Zürich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275821242#Events", "title": "1958 in Switzerland", "revid": 1275821242, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 18", "text": "18 February – El Al Flight 432 attack: Four members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, machine-gun El Al's flight 432, a Boeing 707 preparing for takeoff at the Kloten Airport near Zürich. Several crew members are wounded in the attack and damage is caused to the plane. The co-pilot, who was severally wounded, dies from his wounds a month later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318390457#Israeli–Palestinian_conflict", "title": "1969 in Israel", "revid": 1318390457, "section": "Events › Israeli–Palestinian conflict"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – Dawson's Field hijackings: The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacks four passenger aircraft from Pan Am, TWA and Swissair on flights to New York from Brussels, Frankfurt and Zurich and flies them to a desert airstrip in Jordan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#September", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1975, "year_label": "1975 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 13", "text": "13 February – Opening of Glattzentrum, the first large shopping center in Switzerland located on the outskirts of Zurich in Wallisellen, housing several brands like Migros, Globus, and Jelmoli", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1312988646#February", "title": "1975 in Switzerland", "revid": 1312988646, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – Canadian Caper: Six United States diplomats, posing as Canadians, manage to escape from Tehran, Iran, as they board a flight to Zürich, Switzerland, on Swissair.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363797378#January", "title": "1980", "revid": 1363797378, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The UCI Track Cycling World Championships take place in Zürich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275820768#Events", "title": "1983 in Switzerland", "revid": 1275820768, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Macedonian Palair Flight 301, an F-100 on a flight to Zürich, crashes shortly after take-off from Skopje, killing 83 of the 97 on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#March", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › March"}}]}