{"slug": "winchester", "label": "Winchester", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172157", "qid": "Q172157", "description": "city and unparished area within the larger City of Winchester, Hampshire, England", "entries": 22, "years": 20, "span": [660, 1784], "span_label": ["660 CE", "1784 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Winchester, Hampshire"], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "wessex", "label": "Wessex", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "anglo-saxons", "label": "Anglo-Saxons", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lord-chief-justice-of-england-and-wales", "label": "Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "edgar-king-of-england", "label": "Edgar, King of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-france", "label": "Philip II of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-viii-of-france", "label": "Louis VIII of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "old-st-paul-s-cathedral", "label": "Old St Paul's Cathedral", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "isle-of-thanet", "label": "Isle of Thanet", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "canterbury", "label": "Canterbury", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cambridge", "label": "Cambridge", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 660, "year_label": "660 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Cenwalh of Wessex becomes dissatisfied with his local bishop, Agilbert of Dorchester, as he does not speak West-Saxon. Cenwalh splits the episcopal see of Wessex in two. Wine becomes the first bishop of Winchester, by the Saxons called Wintancestir. Agilbert resigns in protest and travels north to Northumbria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359584981#Britain", "title": "660", "revid": 1359584981, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 663, "year_label": "663 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Wine, bishop of Winchester, moves the episcopal see north again to Dorchester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635360#Religion", "title": "663", "revid": 1367635360, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 860, "year_label": "860 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Viking raiders led by Weland sail to England and attack Winchester (the capital of Wessex), which is set ablaze. He spreads inland, but is defeated by West Saxon forces, who deprive him of all he has gained.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367666755#Europe", "title": "860", "revid": 1367666755, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 871, "year_label": "871 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Alfred makes Winchester his residence. The Danish armies colonize areas of north, central and eastern England, which become known as the Danelaw.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129558#Europe", "title": "871", "revid": 1341129558, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 897, "year_label": "897 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "English warships (nine vessels from Alfred's new fleet) intercept six Viking longships in the mouth of an unknown estuary on the south coast (possibly at Poole Harbour) in Dorset. The Danes are blockaded, and three ships attempt to break through the English lines. Lashing the Viking boats to their own, the English crew board the enemy's vessels and kill everyone on board. Some ships manage to escape, two of the other three boats are driven against the Sussex coast. The shipwrecked sailors are brought before King Alfred the Great at Winchester and hanged. Just one Viking ship returns to East Anglia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130275#Britain", "title": "897", "revid": 1341130275, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 901, "year_label": "901 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Edward the Elder takes the title \"King of the Anglo-Saxons\". His mother, Dowager-Queen Ealhswith, founds the Nunnaminster at Winchester and retires into a religious life there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345013381#Britain", "title": "901", "revid": 1345013381, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 973, "year_label": "973 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "In the Council of Winchester, Edgar I accepts a 'Monastic Agreement' (called the Regularis Concordia). The document is compiled by Bishop Æthelwold and serves as a rule for how monastic life should be performed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354273404#Religion", "title": "973", "revid": 1354273404, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 975, "year_label": "975 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – King Edgar I (the Peaceful) dies at Winchester after a 16-year reign. He is succeeded by his 12-year-old son Edward the Martyr as ruler of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513424#England", "title": "975", "revid": 1341513424, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1076, "year_label": "1076 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, a participant in the Revolt of the Earls against King William the Conqueror, is beheaded near Winchester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362789427#England", "title": "1076", "revid": 1362789427, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – By the Treaty of Alton, ratified at Winchester, Robert abandons his claim to the throne, recognising Henry as King of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#England", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1103, "year_label": "1103 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Matilda of Scotland, queen of England as wife of Henry I, gives birth to their first son William Adelin at Winchester. They already have a daughter, Princess Matilda.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265973#Britain", "title": "1103", "revid": 1365265973, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April", "text": "April – John and William de Longchamp meet at Winchester to discuss their differences. Several senior bishops are appointed as arbitrators. At the end of the meeting, both John and William agree to follow the recommendations. William is to return Lincoln Castle to Gerard de Canville and accepts limits to his powers. In return, John is to surrender Nottingham and Tickhill castles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#England", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1194, "year_label": "1194 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – Richard I is crowned for the second time, at Winchester, to underline his rightful position as monarch. During the coronation, he wears a golden crown and is followed by notables from the Church and State.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292975381#England", "title": "1194", "revid": 1292975381, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1216, "year_label": "1216 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Prince Louis of France captures Winchester", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331868281#Events", "title": "1216 in France", "revid": 1331868281, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1216, "year_label": "1216 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – Prince Louis of France, son of King Philip II (\"Augustus\"), invades England in support of the barons, landing in Thanet. He enters London without opposition, and is proclaimed, but not crowned, King of England at Old St Paul's Cathedral. In June, Louis captures Rochester Castle and Winchester, and soon controls over half of the English kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371079230#Europe", "title": "1216", "revid": 1371079230, "section": "Events › By continent › Europe"}}, {"year": 1264, "year_label": "1264 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Gilbert de Clare leads a massacre of the Jews at Canterbury, during the outbreak of the Second Barons' War. In the meantime, another of de Montfort's followers, John FitzJohn, leads a massacre against the Jews in London. The Jewish communities of Northampton, Winchester, Cambridge, and Lincoln are looted. The archæ (official chest of records) is destroyed or deposited at the headquarters of de Montfort's supporters at Ely.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334426011#British_Isles", "title": "1264", "revid": 1334426011, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1392, "year_label": "1392 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – King Richard II of England summons the English Parliament to assemble at Winchester on January 20.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360558319#October–December", "title": "1392", "revid": 1360558319, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1393, "year_label": "1393 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – The English Parliament, summoned November 23 by King Richard II of England, assembles at Winchester", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561364#January_–_March", "title": "1393", "revid": 1369561364, "section": "January – March"}}, {"year": 1492, "year_label": "1492 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 24", "text": "November 24 – Loys of Gruuthuse, Earl of Winchester (b. c. 1427)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366150846#Deaths", "title": "1492", "revid": 1366150846, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1685, "year_label": "1685 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – The Bloody Assizes begin in Winchester: Lord Chief Justice of England George Jeffreys tries over 1000 of Monmouth's rebels and condemns them to death or transportation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369485499#July–September", "title": "1685", "revid": 1369485499, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1685, "year_label": "1685 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 25", "text": "25 August to 23 September – Lord Chief Justice Jeffreys holds the Bloody Assizes to try Monmouth's supporters, beginning at Winchester and ending at Wells. Over a thousand receive sentences of hanging or transportation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737605#Events", "title": "1685 in England", "revid": 1353737605, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 8", "text": "8 March – Mary Bailey, a mariticide, becomes one of the last persons in Britain, convicted of murder, to be sentenced to be hanged, and their body burned. She and John Quin, accused of murdering Cornelius Bailey at Portsmouth, are both convicted and hanged at Winchester; Bailey claims her innocence to the end. After execution, Quin's body is handed to the surgeons for dissection, and Mary Bailey's body burned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323077518#Events", "title": "1784 in Great Britain", "revid": 1323077518, "section": "Events"}}]}