{"slug": "wars-of-the-roses", "label": "Wars of the Roses", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127751", "qid": "Q127751", "description": "dynastic civil war in England from 1455 to 1487", "entries": 17, "years": 11, "span": [1436, 1486], "span_label": ["1436 CE", "1486 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["War of the Roses"], "related": [{"slug": "henry-vi-of-england", "label": "Henry VI of England", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "richard-of-york-3rd-duke-of-york", "label": "Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "house-of-lancaster", "label": "House of Lancaster", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "house-of-york", "label": "House of York", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "edward-iv", "label": "Edward IV", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "richard-neville-16th-earl-of-warwick", "label": "Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sandwich-kent", "label": "Sandwich, Kent", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-vii-of-england", "label": "Henry VII of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "essex", "label": "Essex", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lordship-of-ireland", "label": "Lordship of Ireland", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1436, "year_label": "1436 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, Lancastrian military commander during the English Wars of the Roses (d. 1464)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320639#Births", "title": "1436", "revid": 1351320639, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1438, "year_label": "1438 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "probable – Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset, English nobleman and military commander during the Wars of the Roses (d. 1471)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365935905#Births", "title": "1438", "revid": 1365935905, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1455, "year_label": "1455 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – The Wars of the Roses begin in England at the Battle of St Albans, as Richard, Duke of York, captures King Henry VI as a prisoner of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371446040#April–June", "title": "1455", "revid": 1371446040, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1455, "year_label": "1455 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 22", "text": "22 May – Richard, Duke of York defeats the army of Henry VI at the First Battle of St Albans. Henry is captured, marking the beginning of the Wars of the Roses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353735880#Events", "title": "1455 in England", "revid": 1353735880, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1455, "year_label": "1455 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – At the Battle of Clyst Heath, part of the Bonville–Courtenay feud fought during the Wars of the Roses, Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devon defeats the Baron William Bonville. Bonville had made the attack after the October 23 murder of his councillor, the lawyer Nicholas Radford.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371446040#October–December", "title": "1455", "revid": 1371446040, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1458, "year_label": "1458 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – The Loveday is staged in London, by which Henry VI of England attempts to unite the warring factions who have triggered the Wars of the Roses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371245383#January–March", "title": "1458", "revid": 1371245383, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1458, "year_label": "1458 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 25", "text": "25 March – The Love Day is staged in London, by which Henry VI of England attempts to unite the warring factions who have triggered the Wars of the Roses", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353735912#Events", "title": "1458 in England", "revid": 1353735912, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1459, "year_label": "1459 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Blore Heath in the Kingdom of England, Yorkists under Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, defeat a Lancastrian force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366548241#July–September", "title": "1459", "revid": 1366548241, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1459, "year_label": "1459 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 23", "text": "23 September – Wars of the Roses: at the Battle of Blore Heath in Staffordshire, Yorkists under Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury defeat a Lancastrian force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353735922#Events", "title": "1459 in England", "revid": 1353735922, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Wars of the Roses: Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and Edward, Earl of March (eldest son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York) land in England at Sandwich, Kent with an army, and march on London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#April–June", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Wars of the Roses – Richard of York, set to be the next King of England, is killed along with his son, Edmund, Earl of Rutland, at the Battle of Wakefield as a Lancastrian army under Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland decisively defeats the Yorkists. York's son Edward becomes leader of the Yorkist faction and the heir to the English throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#October–December", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Wars of the Roses: King Henry VI of England is deposed by Edward, Duke of York.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#January–March", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1462, "year_label": "1462 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "War of the Roses – Battle of Piltown: The Yorkists defeat the Lancastrians, in the Lordship of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359849875#Date_unknown", "title": "1462", "revid": 1359849875, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1470, "year_label": "1470 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – Wars of the Roses in England – At the Battle of Losecoat Field, the House of York (supporters of King Edward IV) defeats the House of Lancaster (supporters of the former King Henry VI, led by Sir Robert Welles). Welles is captured and confesses that he had been hired by the Earl of Warwick and by King Edward's brother, George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence to overthrow the King. Warwick and Clarence flee England and Welles is beheaded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853032#January–March", "title": "1470", "revid": 1359853032, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1473, "year_label": "1473 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – The Earl of Oxford, commander of what remains of the Lancastrians during the Wars of the Roses against the Yorkists and King Edward IV of England, makes an unsuccessful attempt to land an army at Essex at the village of St Osyth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813739#April–June", "title": "1473", "revid": 1361813739, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1473, "year_label": "1473 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October", "text": "Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond, pardoned for his loyalties during the Wars of the Roses", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358385004#October", "title": "1473 in Ireland", "revid": 1358385004, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1486, "year_label": "1486 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York are married, uniting the House of Lancaster and the House of York, and ceremonially ending the Wars of the Roses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369024065#January–March", "title": "1486", "revid": 1369024065, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}