{"slug": "veliky-novgorod", "label": "Veliky Novgorod", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2235", "qid": "Q2235", "description": "city in Novgorod Oblast, Russia", "entries": 25, "years": 25, "span": [830, 1951], "span_label": ["830 CE", "1951 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Novgorod", "Velikiy Novgorod"], "related": [{"slug": "varangians", "label": "Varangians", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "alexander-nevsky", "label": "Alexander Nevsky", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "yaroslav-the-wise", "label": "Yaroslav the Wise", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kyiv", "label": "Kyiv", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kievan-rus", "label": "Kievan Rus'", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "russia", "label": "Russia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tartu", "label": "Tartu", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "novgorod-republic", "label": "Novgorod Republic", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ivan-iii-of-russia", "label": "Ivan III of Russia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "estonia", "label": "Estonia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 830, "year_label": "830 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Rurik, prince of Novgorod (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359310799#Births", "title": "830", "revid": 1359310799, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 859, "year_label": "859 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Russian city of Novgorod is first mentioned in the Sofia Chronicles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348997263#Europe", "title": "859", "revid": 1348997263, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 862, "year_label": "862 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Varangians (called Rus'), under the leadership of Rurik, a Viking chieftain, arrive (with his brothers, Sineus and Truvor) at Staraya Ladoga. He builds a trade settlement near Novgorod (modern Russia), and founds the Rurik Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129421#Eastern_Europe", "title": "862", "revid": 1341129421, "section": "Events › By place › Eastern Europe"}}, {"year": 879, "year_label": "879 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Oleg, brother-in-law of the Varangian ruler Rurik, is entrusted to take care of his kingdom Novgorod after his death. He becomes regent of his son Igor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348046041#Europe", "title": "879", "revid": 1348046041, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 978, "year_label": "978 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Vladimir I (the Great), grand prince of Kiev, returns from Norway with a Varangian mercenary army and re-captures Novgorod. On his way to Kiev, he marches against the forces of his brother Yaropolk I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272344#Europe", "title": "978", "revid": 1365272344, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1018, "year_label": "1018 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22–23 – Battle of the River Bug: Polish forces under Bolesław I defeat Yaroslav the Wise near the River Bug. Yaroslav retreats to Novgorod, abandoning Kiev.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367470608#Europe", "title": "1018", "revid": 1367470608, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1019, "year_label": "1019 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Sviatopolk I dies, and is succeeded by his brother Yaroslav I (the Wise). He becomes the Grand Prince of Kiev with the support of the Novgorodians and the help of Varangian (Viking) mercenaries. Yaroslav consolidates the Kievan state, through both cultural and administrative improvements, and military campaigns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212971#Europe", "title": "1019", "revid": 1342212971, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The first mention is made of Tartu, Estonia, as Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Novgorod and Kiev defeats the Estonians and finds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu). The Rus' will hold the fortress for 30 or 31 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Europe", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1060, "year_label": "1060 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – Luka Zhidiata, bishop of Novgorod", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368549974#Deaths", "title": "1060", "revid": 1368549974, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1134, "year_label": "1134 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Vsevolod Mstislavich of Novgorod defeats the Chuds and captures Tartu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321069056#Eastern_Europe", "title": "1134", "revid": 1321069056, "section": "Events › By place › Eastern Europe"}}, {"year": 1136, "year_label": "1136 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – In Russia, the people of Novgorod depose and imprison Prince Vsevolod of Pskov. Novgorod asserts its independence from Kiev, but accepts protection from neighboring Kievan princes. In July, Vsevolod along with his wife and family are released (they are exiled to an uncle in Kiev).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584360#Europe", "title": "1136", "revid": 1365584360, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1185, "year_label": "1185 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – The cave monastery of Vardzia is consecrated by Queen Tamar I of Georgia. She marries Yury Bogolyubsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362484284#Europe", "title": "1185", "revid": 1362484284, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1186, "year_label": "1186 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (d. 1218)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344182420#Births", "title": "1186", "revid": 1344182420, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1236, "year_label": "1236 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June", "text": "June – The 16-year-old Alexander Nevsky is elected by the Novgorodians as prince (knyaz) of Novgorod, beseeching the young noble to take charge of the city's military affairs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428601#Europe", "title": "1236", "revid": 1361428601, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1240, "year_label": "1240 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – Battle of the Neva: A Swedish army under Bishop Thomas sails up the Gulf of Finland in their longboats. They proceed into the Neva River with the aim of seizing control over Lake Ladoga and from there, striking at the city of Novgorod. Prince Alexander rallies his druzhina comparable to the 'household' of western European countries, and decisively routs the Swedish forces, saving the Novgorod Republic from a full-scale enemy invasion from the North. As a result, Alexander wins his first military victory at the age of 19 and receives the title of 'Nevsky'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428406#Europe", "title": "1240", "revid": 1361428406, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1242, "year_label": "1242 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Prince Alexander Nevsky is joined by his brother Andrey II (Yaroslavich) at Novgorod, supported with his elite druzhina (or 'household') from Suzdal. They head southwest across the frozen marshes, which cover much of the land between Novgorod and Pskov. On March 5, Alexander retakes the city almost without a struggle, before the larger Crusader garrison in nearby Izborsk can intervene.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360512210#Europe", "title": "1242", "revid": 1360512210, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1263, "year_label": "1263 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 14", "text": "November 14 – Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296179530#Deaths", "title": "1263", "revid": 1296179530, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1375, "year_label": "1375 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Russian town of Kostroma is destroyed by the ushkuynik pirates from Novgorod.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370334386#Date_unknown", "title": "1375", "revid": 1370334386, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ushkuinik pirates from Novgorod sack the Muscovy towns of Zhukotin and Kazan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#Date_unknown", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1478, "year_label": "1478 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – After a three month rebellion that began on October 9, Novgorod surrenders to Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow, bringing an end to the separate existence (under Ivan) of the Novgorod Republic. The annexation of Novgorod becomes the beginning of the transition of the principality of Moscow to the Russian Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359855585#January–March", "title": "1478", "revid": 1359855585, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1497, "year_label": "1497 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – The Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497) ends with a six year truce signed in Russia at Novgorod. Due to gathering unrest at home, the Swedish leader Sten Sture the Elder is forced to offer a peace to Ivan III of Moscow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372862240#January–March", "title": "1497", "revid": 1372862240, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – Delegates from Sweden, Finland and Russia arrive at Novgorod to negotiate a treaty to end the war between the two empires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365955110#January–March", "title": "1557", "revid": 1365955110, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1612, "year_label": "1612 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 10", "text": "January 10 – Gustavus Adolphus replies to Metropolitan Isidor, Odoevskij and the estates of Novgorod, stating that he himself wishes to assume responsibility for the government of Novgorod and also of all Russians. A number of land grants signed the same day show that the Swedish king has assumed the title of Tsar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366306597#January–March", "title": "1612", "revid": 1366306597, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – WWII: Soviet troops start the offensive at Leningrad and Novgorod.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#January", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – The first birch bark manuscript is discovered in Novgorod.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#July", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Events › July"}}]}