{"slug": "united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-ireland", "label": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174193", "qid": "Q174193", "description": "historical sovereign state (1801–1922)", "entries": 43, "years": 30, "span": [1800, 1927], "span_label": ["1800 CE", "1927 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 27}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "russian-empire", "label": "Russian Empire", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "german-empire", "label": "German Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "july-monarchy", "label": "July Monarchy", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "french-third-republic", "label": "French Third Republic", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "austrian-empire", "label": "Austrian Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "napoleonic-wars", "label": "Napoleonic Wars", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-prussia", "label": "Kingdom of Prussia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "venezuela", "label": "Venezuela", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy", "label": "Kingdom of Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "qing-dynasty", "label": "Qing dynasty", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1800, "year_label": "1800 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – King George III gives royal assent to the second Act of Union to unite the Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland (both ruled by him) into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, effective on January 1, 1801.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370325498#July–September", "title": "1800", "revid": 1370325498, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1801, "year_label": "1801 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the abolition of the Parliament of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370397745#January–March", "title": "1801", "revid": 1370397745, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1801, "year_label": "1801 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "1 January – legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254317#Events", "title": "1801 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254317, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1801, "year_label": "1801 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 30", "text": "September 30 – The Treaty of London is signed for preliminary peace between the French First Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370397745#July–September", "title": "1801", "revid": 1370397745, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1802, "year_label": "1802 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 25", "text": "25 March - Treaty of Amiens, temporarily ended hostilities between France and the United Kingdom during the French Revolutionary Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331877431#Events", "title": "1802 in France", "revid": 1331877431, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – Invasion of Naples (War of the Third Coalition): Battle of Maida – Britain defeats the French in Calabria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368311144#July–September", "title": "1806", "revid": 1368311144, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland issues an Order in Council prohibiting British ships from trading with France or its allies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#January–March", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – Russia issues an ultimatum to Sweden, to join Napoleon's Continental System against the United Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369185588#January–March", "title": "1808", "revid": 1369185588, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1809, "year_label": "1809 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349276571#January–March", "title": "1809", "revid": 1349276571, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – Macon's Bill Number 2 becomes law in the United States, intending to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#April–June", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – Macon's Bill Number 2 becomes law, intending to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371680018#Events", "title": "1810 in the United States", "revid": 1371680018, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1815, "year_label": "1815 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – War of 1812 – Battle of New Orleans: American forces under Andrew Jackson, John Coffee, and William Carroll, and John Adair defeat an invading British force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369628884#Events", "title": "1815 in the United States", "revid": 1369628884, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 8", "text": "8 January – Theophilus Shepstone, British administrator in South Africa is born in Westbury-On-Trym near Bristol, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950856#Births", "title": "1817 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950856, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1821, "year_label": "1821 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – George IV is crowned King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. His estranged wife, Caroline of Brunswick, is turned away from the ceremony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366198623#July–September", "title": "1821", "revid": 1366198623, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1827, "year_label": "1827 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Greek War of Independence: Battle of Navarino – British, French and Russian naval forces destroy the Turko-Egyptian fleet in Greece. This is the last naval action to be fought under sail alone.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362794712#October–December", "title": "1827", "revid": 1362794712, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1830, "year_label": "1830 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – William IV succeeds his brother George IV, as King of the United Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352223718#April–June", "title": "1830", "revid": 1352223718, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1834, "year_label": "1834 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – Spain, France, Portugal and the United Kingdom sign the Quadruple Alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360367111#April–June", "title": "1834", "revid": 1360367111, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The United Kingdom, backed by the Russian Empire and the Austrian Empire, compels July Monarchy France to abandon Muhammad Ali of Egypt, and forces him to return Syria and Arabia to the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360384794#Date_unknown", "title": "1839", "revid": 1360384794, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December 5", "text": "5 December - Uniform Fourpenny Post introduced in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, a major postal reform, whereby fourpence is levied for pre-paid letters up to half an ounce in weight instead of postage being calculated by distance and number of sheets of paper.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269425263#Events", "title": "1839 in Ireland", "revid": 1269425263, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – British colonists reach New Zealand, officially founding the settlement of Wellington.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#January–March", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – The Austrian Empire, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire sign the Convention of London with the Sublime Porte, ruler of the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331898225#Events", "title": "1840 in Germany", "revid": 1331898225, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 20", "text": "20 January — publication of the terms of the Convention of Chuenpi, signed between British Plenipotentiary Charles Elliot and Chinese Imperial Commissioner Qishan during the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243749111#Ongoing", "title": "1841 in China", "revid": 1243749111, "section": "Events › Ongoing"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – The first multilateral treaty for the suppression of the African slave trade, the Treaty for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade, signed in London by the representatives of Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360265400#October–December", "title": "1841", "revid": 1360265400, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Undated – The War of Southern Queensland begins between a coalition of Aboriginal tribes in South East Queensland, the \"United Tribes\", and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland it would be fought until 1855.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321570160#Events", "title": "1843 in Australia", "revid": 1321570160, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – Ka La Ku'oko'a (Hawaiian Independence Day): The Kingdom of Hawai`i is officially recognized by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and July Monarchy France as an independent nation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332607829#October–December", "title": "1843 in the United States", "revid": 1332607829, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1846, "year_label": "1846 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342482#January–March", "title": "1846", "revid": 1368342482, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1846, "year_label": "1846 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – Great Britain acquires Labuan from the Sultanate of Brunei.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342482#October–December", "title": "1846", "revid": 1368342482, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 9", "text": "December 9 – Bushehr surrenders to the British.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#October–December", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – Sheffield F.C., the world's first association football team, is founded in Sheffield, United Kingdom by Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#October–December", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1881, "year_label": "1881 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – The Boers defeat the British in the Battle of Laing's Nek during the First Boer War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184640", "title": "1881 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184640, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – The United Kingdom and Germany agree on the frontier between German East Africa and Nyasaland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#February", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 23", "text": "23 February – Germany agrees the frontier between German East Africa and the British colony of Nyasaland with the United Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360902170#Events", "title": "1901 in Germany", "revid": 1360902170, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – The United Kingdom, Germany and Japan protest the Sino-Russian agreement on Manchuria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#March", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – The first United Kingdom Fingerprint Bureau is established at Scotland Yard, the Metropolitan Police headquarters in London, by Edward Henry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#July–August", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December", "text": "December–February 1903 – Venezuelan crisis: Britain, Germany and Italy sustain a naval blockade on Venezuela, in order to enforce collection of outstanding financial claims. This prompts the development of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318639#December", "title": "1902", "revid": 1373318639, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December", "text": "December–February 1903 – Venezuelan crisis, in which Britain, Germany and Italy sustain a naval blockade on Venezuela to enforce collection of outstanding financial claims. This prompts the development of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331893867#Events", "title": "1902 in Germany", "revid": 1331893867, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1910, "year_label": "1910 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – George V becomes King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland upon the death of his father, Edward VII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373495790#May", "title": "1910", "revid": 1373495790, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – The United Kingdom (Japan's ally since 1902) officially asked Japan for assistance in destroying the raiders from the Imperial German Navy in and around Chinese waters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369517761#Events", "title": "1914 in Japan", "revid": 1369517761, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – London Agreement: No member of the Triple Entente (Britain, France, or Russia) may seek a separate peace with the Central Powers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#September", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – Constantinople Agreement: Britain, France and the Russian Empire agree to give Constantinople (Istanbul) and the Bosphorus to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik Revolution).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#March", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1916, "year_label": "1916 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – Britain and France conclude the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement, which is to divide Arab areas of the Ottoman Empire, following the conclusion of WWI and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, into French and British spheres of influence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519106#May", "title": "1916", "revid": 1373519106, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19–26 – San Remo conference held at Castle Devachan in Sanremo, Italy. Representatives of Italy, France, the United Kingdom and Japan meet to determine the League of Nations mandates for administration of territories following partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The conference was attended by the four Principal Allied Powers of World War I who were represented by the prime ministers of Britain (David Lloyd George), France (Alexandre Millerand), Italy (Francesco Nitti) and by Japan's Ambassador Keishirō Matsui.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1253494307#April", "title": "1920 in Italy", "revid": 1253494307, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 12", "text": "12 April – The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 renames the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The change acknowledges that the Irish Free State is no longer part of the Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341911130#Events", "title": "1927 in Northern Ireland", "revid": 1341911130, "section": "Events"}}]}