{"slug": "unesco", "label": "UNESCO", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7809", "qid": "Q7809", "description": "specialised agency of the United Nations for education, sciences, and culture", "entries": 35, "years": 28, "span": [1255, 2025], "span_label": ["1255 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 7}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 6}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Director-General of UNESCO", "Unesco", "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"], "related": [{"slug": "world-heritage-site", "label": "World Heritage Site", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "france-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "France in the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bourges", "label": "Bourges", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "israel", "label": "Israel", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "parthia", "label": "Parthia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gabon", "label": "Gabon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-nations", "label": "United Nations", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bangladesh", "label": "Bangladesh", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dhaka", "label": "Dhaka", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "east-pakistan", "label": "East Pakistan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "seville", "label": "Seville", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-ix-of-france", "label": "Louis IX of France", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1255, "year_label": "1255 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Gothic cathedral at Bourges in central France, is completed (it will become a UNESCO World Heritage Site).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315790496#Art_and_Culture", "title": "1255", "revid": 1315790496, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and Culture"}}, {"year": 1259, "year_label": "1259 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The famous frescoes of the Boyana Church in Bulgaria are completed (the church and its murals are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482647#Europe", "title": "1259", "revid": 1362482647, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1260, "year_label": "1260 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – The Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France (the cathedral is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366894029#Arts_and_culture", "title": "1260", "revid": 1366894029, "section": "Events › By topic › Arts and culture"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – The foundation of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is agreed at a meeting in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#November", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#November", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 10", "text": "10 December – Turkey became a member of UNESCO", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1293868793#Events", "title": "1948 in Turkey", "revid": 1293868793, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – In Dhaka, East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) police open fire on a procession of students, killing 4 people and starting a country-wide protest, which leads to the recognition of Bengali as one of the national languages of Pakistan. The day is later declared \"International Mother Language Day\" by UNESCO.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#January–February", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – The new UNESCO building, World Heritage Centre, is inaugurated in Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#November", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – UNESCO signs the Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers. This event is to be celebrated as World Teachers' Day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370246126#October", "title": "1966", "revid": 1370246126, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1968, "year_label": "1968 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "David Suzuki wins UNESCO's Kalinga Prize for science writing", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350029838#Awards", "title": "1968 in Canada", "revid": 1350029838, "section": "Arts and literature › Awards"}}, {"year": 1971, "year_label": "1971 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – Portugal resigns from UNESCO.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369905382#May", "title": "1971", "revid": 1369905382, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization adopts the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#November", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Bangladeshi author Abdullah-Al-Muti won the UNESCO Kalinga Prize.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363901318#Awards_and_recognitions", "title": "1983 in Bangladesh", "revid": 1363901318, "section": "Events › Awards and recognitions"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – The Seville Statement on Violence is adopted by an international meeting of scientists, convened by the Spanish National Commission for UNESCO, in Seville, Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#May", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November", "text": "November – Giant's Causeway and the Causeway Coast is included in the first tranche of UNESCO World Heritage Sites designated in the UK", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355503671#Events", "title": "1986 in Northern Ireland", "revid": 1355503671, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 29", "text": "29 April – 3 May – A UNESCO seminar was held in Windhoek, where the Windhoek Declaration for the Development of a Free, Independent and Pluralistic Press was made.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1253974255#Events", "title": "1991 in Namibia", "revid": 1253974255, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – South African State President F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela, African National Congress leader, are jointly awarded the Felix Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#February", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May", "text": "In May 1998, UNESCO issued a technical report on the Endless Column, part of the Sculptural Ensemble of Constantin Brâncuși at Târgu Jiu, which is today a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This document is stated to have represented a milestone in the history of the Endless Column. On its provisions, the Romanian Government commissioned new tests on the Column's spine, which revealed that it was more suitable to preserve it than to replace it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353741639#May", "title": "1998 in Romania", "revid": 1353741639, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – UNESCO holds the inaugural celebration of International Mother Language Day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#February", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November", "text": "November – Edward Steichen's The Family of Man exhibition, at Clervaux, is added to UNESCO's 'Memory of the World' register.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1251951449#October_–_December", "title": "2003 in Luxembourg", "revid": 1251951449, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – The general conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) passes the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#October", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28: UNESCO designates 22 new World Heritage Sites, including Sydney Opera House, Canada's Rideau Canal, Japan's Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine, Turkmenistan's Parthian Fortresses of Nisa, India's Red Fort complexes, the Lope-Okanda Landscape of Gabon, the Richtersveld desert of South Africa, the rock carvings of Twyfelfontein in Namibia, the fortified tower houses of Guangdong Province in the People's Republic of China, Teide National Park in the Canary Islands, Spain, ancient beech forests of Central Europe, Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bordeaux and the Port de la Lune in France, the Old Town of Corfu in Greece, the Palace of Galerius in Gamzigrad-Romuliana in Serbia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1328113268#June", "title": "2007 in Bosnia and Herzegovina", "revid": 1328113268, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – UNESCO launches The World Digital Library.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#April", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – The Ruins of Loropéni were added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Ruins were the second out of three total sites in Burkina Faso to be added to the list, and was the country's first cultural UNESCO site.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311393225#June", "title": "2009 in Burkina Faso", "revid": 1311393225, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – UNESCO admits Palestine as a member, following a vote which 107 member states support and 14 oppose.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372940525#October", "title": "2011", "revid": 1372940525, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 15", "text": "15 May – Singapore Botanical Gardens gets ICOMOS nod to be the first UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372909649#May", "title": "2015 in Singapore", "revid": 1372909649, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – The United States announces its decision to withdraw from UNESCO, and is immediately followed by Israel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371948773#October", "title": "2017", "revid": 1371948773, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – A fire destroys much of the 500-year-old Japanese Shuri Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#October", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – A historical landmark church inside Haiti's UNESCO World Heritage site, Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church in Milot, is destroyed in a fire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1245996512#April", "title": "2020 in Haiti", "revid": 1245996512, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 11", "text": "11 July – Mount Mulanje is designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347697444#July", "title": "2025 in Malawi", "revid": 1347697444, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 13", "text": "13 July – The Maputo National Park is designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO as part of an expansion from the ISimangaliso Wetland Park in neighbouring South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330117987#July", "title": "2025 in Mozambique", "revid": 1330117987, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 13", "text": "13 July – The Gola-Tiwai complex, which includes Tiwai Island and the Gola Rainforest National Park, is designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336480341#Events", "title": "2025 in Sierra Leone", "revid": 1336480341, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – The Seven Brothers Islands are designated as biosphere reserves by UNESCO.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345389888#Events", "title": "2025 in Djibouti", "revid": 1345389888, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 27", "text": "27 September – The Mantadia and Tsimembo nature reserves are designated as biosphere reserves by UNESCO.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334692816#September", "title": "2025 in Madagascar", "revid": 1334692816, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – Khaled El-Enany is elected the new Director-General of UNESCO.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#November", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › November"}}]}