{"slug": "u-boat", "label": "U-boat", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boat", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428661", "qid": "Q428661", "description": "German submarine of the First or Second World War", "entries": 20, "years": 8, "span": [1914, 1943], "span_label": ["1914 CE", "1943 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 16}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "imperial-german-navy", "label": "Imperial German Navy", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "liverpool", "label": "Liverpool", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "isle-of-man", "label": "Isle of Man", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-york-city", "label": "New York City", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iceland", "label": "Iceland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-navy", "label": "United States Navy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "german-empire", "label": "German Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nazi-germany", "label": "Nazi Germany", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – World War I: British Royal Navy light cruiser HMS Birmingham rams and sinks German submarine U-15 off Fair Isle, the first U-boat lost in action.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#August", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – WWI: British Royal Navy battleship HMS Formidable is sunk off Lyme Regis, England, by an Imperial German Navy U-boat, with the loss of 547 crew.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#January", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – WWI: British armed merchantman HMS Bayano is sunk in the North Channel off the coast of Scotland by Imperial German Navy U-boat SM U-27. Around 200 crew are lost, a number of bodies being washed up on the Isle of Man, with only 26 saved.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#March", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May", "text": "Sinking of the RMS Lusitania: RMS Titanic's main rival, the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania, is sunk by Imperial German Navy U-boat U-20 off the south-west coast of Ireland, killing 1,199 civilians en route from New York City to Liverpool. The best-known of the celebrities on board is American sportsman Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#May", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 7", "text": "7 May – Sinking of the Lusitania: British ocean liner RMS Lusitania was sunk by Imperial German Navy U-boat U-20 about 11 mi off Old Head of Kinsale, County Cork, killing 1,198 civilians en route from New York to Liverpool, among them the Irish-born art dealer and benefactor Sir Hugh Lane and Irish composer and conductor Thomas O'Brien Butler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372198501#Events", "title": "1915 in Ireland", "revid": 1372198501, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – WWI: Atlantic U-boat Campaign: Germany announces its U-boats will resume unrestricted submarine warfare, rescinding the Sussex Pledge'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519608#February", "title": "1917", "revid": 1373519608, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 1", "text": "1 March – Imperial German Navy U-boat SM U-19 sank HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363470512#Events", "title": "1918 in Ireland", "revid": 1363470512, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 1", "text": "1 March – armed merchant cruiser HMS Calgarian is torpedoed and sunk off Rathlin Island, Ireland, by Imperial German Navy U-boat SM U-19 with the loss of 49 lives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363470573#Events", "title": "1918 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1363470573, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – U-boats start to rendezvous off Harwich, to begin the surrender of the High Seas Fleet to the British Royal Navy; in the following week the German warships are escorted to internment in Scapa Flow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#November", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – German submarine U-69 is commissioned, the first Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, which will become its most numerous class, with 568 commissioned during the War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#November", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – U.S. destroyer USS Niblack, while picking up survivors from a sunken Dutch freighter, drops depth charges on a German U-boat (the first \"shot in anger\" fired by America against Germany).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#April", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – WWII: Destroyer USS Reuben James, on convoy escort, is accidentally torpedoed by a German U-boat near Iceland, killing more than 100 United States Navy sailors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#October", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – WWII: The Kriegsmarine introduces the M4 (German Navy 4-rotor) Enigma machine for U-boat traffic, blinding Allied cryptanalysts to their radio signals for most of the year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#February", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – WWII: U-boats sink three merchant ships in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#July", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November", "text": "A U-boat sinks the SS Benlomond off the coast of Brazil. One crewman, Chinese second steward Poon Lim, is separated from the others and spends 130 days adrift, until he is rescued on April 3, 1943.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#November", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 107 is heavily attacked by U-boats, sinking 15 ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#November", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – North Atlantic Convoy ON 154 is heavily attacked by U-boats, sinking 13 ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#December", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 118 is attacked by U-boats, who sink 8 ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#February", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy ON 166 is attacked by U-boats, which sink eleven ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#February", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9–10 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 121 is attacked by U-boats sinking seven ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#March", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › March"}}]}