{"slug": "thailand", "label": "Thailand", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869", "qid": "Q869", "description": "country in Southeast Asia", "entries": 82, "years": 75, "span": [-542, 2025], "span_label": ["543 BCE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 31}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 11}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 7}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 6}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 6}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Siam"], "related": [{"slug": "bangkok", "label": "Bangkok", "shared": 16}, {"slug": "ayutthaya-kingdom", "label": "Ayutthaya Kingdom", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "myanmar", "label": "Myanmar", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "monarchy-of-thailand", "label": "Monarchy of Thailand", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "sukhothai-kingdom", "label": "Sukhothai Kingdom", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "cambodia", "label": "Cambodia", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "laos", "label": "Laos", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "malaysia", "label": "Malaysia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "vietnam", "label": "Vietnam", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "phra-nakhon-si-ayutthaya-city", "label": "Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "mangrai", "label": "Mangrai", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "nanda-bayin", "label": "Nanda Bayin", "shared": 3}], "items": [{"year": -542, "year_label": "543 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gautama Buddha Mahaparinibbana (traditional in Thailand and elsewhere - basis of Thai solar calendar)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129131#Deaths", "title": "543 BC", "revid": 1350129131, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The oldest inscription in Mon language dated from 600 AD. later found at Wat Phorang, Thailand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Asia", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 633, "year_label": "633 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Jamadevi, queen of Hariphunchai (Thailand) (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351044118#Births", "title": "633", "revid": 1351044118, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 698, "year_label": "698 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Khun Lo, a Thai prince, conquers Muang Sua, an early Laotian kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806584#Asia", "title": "698", "revid": 1340806584, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 760, "year_label": "760 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Kingdom of Nanzhao (Nanchao) in modern-day southern China expands into the Irrawaddy River region, first into Burma, then down into northern Laos and Thailand (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358120145#China", "title": "760", "revid": 1358120145, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 1096, "year_label": "1096 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Phayao, a modern-day province of Thailand, is founded as a city-state kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266324#Asia", "title": "1096", "revid": 1365266324, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1253, "year_label": "1253 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Mongol forces under Kublai Khan conquer the Dali Kingdom (modern-day Yunnan). The population migrates to Siam (modern Thailand).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362664638#Asia", "title": "1253", "revid": 1362664638, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1259, "year_label": "1259 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Lannathai, a kingdom in the north of Thailand, is founded by King Mangrai.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482647#Asia", "title": "1259", "revid": 1362482647, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1260, "year_label": "1260 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The newly formed Sukhothai Kingdom of Thailand adopts Theravada Buddhism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366894029#Religion", "title": "1260", "revid": 1366894029, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1279, "year_label": "1279 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ram Khamhaeng becomes the third king of the Phra Ruang dynasty, ruling the Sukhothai Kingdom (modern-day Thailand).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487704#Asia", "title": "1279", "revid": 1362487704, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1281, "year_label": "1281 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Mon Kingdom of Hariphunchai falls, as its capital Lamphun (in modern-day Thailand) is captured by King Mangrai's Lannathai Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320525#Asia", "title": "1281", "revid": 1351320525, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1287, "year_label": "1287 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Kings Mangrai of the Lanna Kingdom (modern Thailand) and Ram Khamhaeng of the Sukhothai Kingdom agree to a peace treaty. They establish a \"strong pact of friendship\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694581#Asia", "title": "1287", "revid": 1361694581, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1351, "year_label": "1351 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – The Ayutthaya Kingdom is established by King Uthong (Ramathibodi I) in modern-day Thailand. He begins to propagate Theravada Buddhism as the state religion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275601006#January–December", "title": "1351", "revid": 1275601006, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1365, "year_label": "1365 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Sukhothai Kingdom in northern Thailand becomes a tributary state of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339848684#Date_unknown", "title": "1365", "revid": 1339848684, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Maha Thammaracha II becomes ruler of the Sukhothai Kingdom (in modern-day northern Thailand) after the death of Maha Thammaracha I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#Date_unknown", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1369, "year_label": "1369 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Thai Ayutthaya Kingdom conquers Cambodia for a second time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371621472#Dates_unknown", "title": "1369", "revid": 1371621472, "section": "Events › Dates unknown"}}, {"year": 1371, "year_label": "1371 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Kalamegha claims the vacant title of King of Cambodia after the power of the Thai invaders from Ayutthaya begins to weaken. The Ayutthayans are finally expelled in 1375.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370413855#Date_unknown", "title": "1371", "revid": 1370413855, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1383, "year_label": "1383 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Wat Phra That Doi Suthep Temple is built in modern-day Thailand, by King Kuena of Lanna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360411139#Date_unknown", "title": "1383", "revid": 1360411139, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1388, "year_label": "1388 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ramesuan is reinstated as King of Ayutthaya (modern-day southern Thailand), after dethroning and executing 17-year-old King Thong Lan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360557860#Date_unknown", "title": "1388", "revid": 1360557860, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1395, "year_label": "1395 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ramaracha succeeds Ramesuan as ruler of the Ayutthaya Kingdom in present-day southern Thailand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019527#Date_unknown", "title": "1395", "revid": 1366019527, "section": "October–December › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1405, "year_label": "1405 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 27", "text": "December 27 – The Imperial Chinese Army invades the Lan Na kingdom, covering an area now divided between Myanmar, Thailand and China's Yunnan province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337543539#October–December", "title": "1405", "revid": 1337543539, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1548, "year_label": "1548 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – (5th day of the waxing moon in the 8th month of the 910th year of the Chula Sakarat Era): Yotfa, the 13-year-old ruler of the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Thailand since 1546, is murdered with the consent of his mother, the regent Si Sudachan, who installs her lover, Worawongsathirat, on the throne. Yotfa's younger brother, Prince Sissin, is spared from execution. Worawongsathirat and Si Sudachan are both killed in a counter-coup in November.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656469#April–June", "title": "1548", "revid": 1366656469, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1548, "year_label": "1548 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Worawongsathirat, ruler of the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Thailand after usurping the throne on June 10, stages his coronation along with his wife, Si Sudachan. Both husband and wife had after both conspired to murder her son, King Yofta, in June. The King and Queen are assassinated on January 13, 1549.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656469#October–December", "title": "1548", "revid": 1366656469, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1569, "year_label": "1569 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – Burma invades Siam and captures Ayutthaya. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794933#July–September", "title": "1569", "revid": 1366794933, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1586, "year_label": "1586 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 19", "text": "October 19– Burmese–Siamese War (1584–1593): Nanda Bayin, King of Burma, launches a two-pronged invasion of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (now Thailand) with 25,000 troops, 1,200 horses and 220 elephants. The invasion will fail, as thousands of troops die from starvation and disease and the Burmese troops will withdraw in April.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561042#October_–_December", "title": "1586", "revid": 1369561042, "section": "October – December"}}, {"year": 1587, "year_label": "1587 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 (14th waxing of Kason 949 ME) – Burmese–Siamese War (1584–1593): Burma's siege of Ayutthaya (now in Thailand), capital of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, fails after six months as the troops of Burma's King Nanda Bayin begin their withdrawal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478812#April–June", "title": "1587", "revid": 1362478812, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 (12th waning of Tazaungmon 952 ME) – Burmese King Nanda Bayin sends a his son, the Crown Prince Mingyi Swa and 20,000 troops to what is now Thailand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#October–December", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1603, "year_label": "1603 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – In modern-day northern Thailand, the rulers of Chiang Mai retake control of the Nan province and capture its ruler, Cao Cetabut.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656830#April–June", "title": "1603", "revid": 1366656830, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1604, "year_label": "1604 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – On the first day of the new year 966 M.E. on the Burmese calendar, King Nyaungyan Min of Burma makes a triumphant return to his capital at Inwa after his victory in the war against the principality of Mongnai (Monē), one of the Shan States between Burma and Siam", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348862771#April–June", "title": "1604", "revid": 1348862771, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The first Thai embassy to Japan arrives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#Date_unknown", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1656, "year_label": "1656 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – In the Ayutthaya Kingdom, comprising most of the territory now occupied by Thailand, King Prasat Thong dies after a reign of more than 25 years. His eldest son, Prince Chao Fa Chai, is crowned as King Sanpet VI but Prasat's brother plots the new king's overthrow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372048661#July–September", "title": "1656", "revid": 1372048661, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1663, "year_label": "1663 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – The army of the Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand) captures Chiang Mai from the Kingdom of Burma (now Myanmar), using it as a base for launching a larger attack on the Burmese coast in November.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988068#January–March", "title": "1663", "revid": 1365988068, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1685, "year_label": "1685 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – In what is now Thailand, King Narai of Ayutthaya signs a treaty with representatives of France at Lopburi, allowing Roman Catholic missionaries to preach the Gospel and exempting Thai Catholics from work on Sunday, as well as appointing a special court to settle disputes between Thai Christians and non-Christians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369485499#October–December", "title": "1685", "revid": 1369485499, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1733, "year_label": "1733 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – Borommarachathirat V becomes King of Siam (now Thailand) upon the death of King Sanphet IX.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358761924#January–March", "title": "1733", "revid": 1358761924, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – The Burmese Army, under the command of King Alaungpaya, reaches the outskirts of Siam's capital, Ayutthaya, but then retreats rather than laying siege to the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#April–June", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – Phraya Taksin, a minor provincial official in Siam (now Thailand), crowns himself as King of Siam, establishing the Siamese Thonburi Kingdom, taking the regnal name of Borommaracha IV and begins a 14-year reign of liberation and conquest; historically, he is known as \"Taksin the Great\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#October_–December", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1782, "year_label": "1782 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – Rama I overthrows King Taksin of Siam (now Thailand) in a coup d'état, and moves the political capital from Thonburi, across the Chao Phraya River to Rattanakosin Island, the historic center of Bangkok.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562345#April–June", "title": "1782", "revid": 1370562345, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1809, "year_label": "1809 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I), King of Siam, founder of the Chakri dynasty of Thailand (b. 1737)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349276571#July–December", "title": "1809", "revid": 1349276571, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1827, "year_label": "1827 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January", "text": "January – In Laos, King Anouvong of Vientiane leads the Laotian Rebellion against Siam and successfully attacks Nakhon Ratchasima (the Siamese later invade Vientiane and nearly destroy the whole city).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362794712#January–March", "title": "1827", "revid": 1362794712, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1833, "year_label": "1833 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "H.R.H. Prince Mongkut of Siam founds the Dhammayut Buddhist reform movement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983797#Date_unknown", "title": "1833", "revid": 1369983797, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – Mongkut (Rama IV), King of Siam (Thailand) (b. 1804)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#July–December", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – The Kingdom of Siam (modern-day Thailand) cedes its province of Luang Prabang (now Laos) to France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#May", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – The Pattani Sultanate is abolished by the Siamese authority after the last sultan of Pattani refused new administrative reforms by the Siamese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318639#March", "title": "1902", "revid": 1373318639, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1910, "year_label": "1910 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) of Siam (b. 1853)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373495790#October", "title": "1910", "revid": 1373495790, "section": "Deaths › October"}}, {"year": 1925, "year_label": "1925 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) of Siam (b. 1880)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367485783#November", "title": "1925", "revid": 1367485783, "section": "Deaths › November"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – After a relatively bloodless military rebellion, Siam becomes a constitutional monarchy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#June", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – An anti-monarchist rebellion occurs in Siam (Thailand).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#April", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1935, "year_label": "1935 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) of Siam abdicates the throne; he is succeeded by his 9-year-old-nephew Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370722923#March", "title": "1935", "revid": 1370722923, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Thailand's Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram decrees January 1 as the official start of the Thai solar calendar new year (thus the previous year that began April 1 had only 9 months).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#January", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – The Burma Railway is completed between Bangkok, Thailand and Rangoon, Burma (modern-day Myanmar) (415 km) by the Empire of Japan, to support its forces in the Burma campaign, using the forced labour of Asian civilians and Allied Prisoners of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#October", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – In Thailand, King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) accedes to the throne after the death of his elder brother, King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII). He will reign until his death on October 13, 2016.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#June", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Thailand elects Orapin Chaiyakan, the first Thai female member of Thailand's Parliament.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#June", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – SEATO is established in Bangkok, Thailand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#September", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 17", "text": "17 September – King Bhumibol of Thailand makes a state visit to Luxembourg, lasting until 19 September.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352053896#Events", "title": "1960 in Luxembourg", "revid": 1352053896, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 28", "text": "28 May – The Malaysian and Indonesian governments declared that the confrontation was over. The peace treaty was signed in Bangkok, Thailand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373377207#Events", "title": "1966 in Malaysia", "revid": 1373377207, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is founded in Bangkok, Thailand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#August", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1975, "year_label": "1975 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 - Prime Minister Long Boret met with representatives of the Khmer Rouge while in Bangkok, Thailand. He returned to Cambodia the next day, refused to leave when officials were offered a chance to escape, and was executed nine days later by the new regime.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1312618569#April", "title": "1975 in Cambodia", "revid": 1312618569, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – Students gathering at Thammasat University in Bangkok, Thailand are massacred, while protesting the return of ex-dictator Thanom Kittikachorn by a coalition of right-wing paramilitary and government forces, triggering the return of the military to government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#October", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Cambodian–Vietnamese War: The People's Army of Vietnam and Vietnamese-backed Cambodian insurgents announce the fall of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and the collapse of the Pol Pot regime. Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge retreat west to an area along the Thai border, ending large-scale fighting.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#January", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Kuwait Airways Flight 422 is hijacked while en route from Bangkok, Thailand, to Kuwait. The hijackers demand the release of 17 Shiite Muslim prisoners held by Kuwait. Kuwait refuses to release the prisoners, leading to a 16-day siege across 3 continents. Two passengers are killed before the siege ends.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#April", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Typhoon Gay devastates Thailand's Chumphon Province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#November", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – The Second Malayan Emergency concludes with a peace agreement. The Malayan Communist Party disbands and Chin Peng remains in exile in Thailand until his death in 2013.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#December", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Lauda Air Boeing 767 crashes near Bangkok, Thailand, killing all 223 people on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#May", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 9", "text": "9 May - Michelle McLean, Miss Namibia, is crowned Miss Universe at Bangkok, Thailand. Is the first and only time that Namibia wins the contest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1253974263#Events", "title": "1992 in Namibia", "revid": 1253974263, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – Protests begin in Bangkok, Thailand, against the government of General Suchinda Kraprayoon, sparking a bloody crackdown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#May", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – More than 130 die in the collapse of Royal Plaza Hotel at Nakhon Ratchasima in Thailand's worst hotel disaster.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#August", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1997, "year_label": "1997 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Royal Jomtien Resort Hotel fire at Pattaya, Thailand's worst hotel fire, kills 90.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367978156#July", "title": "1997", "revid": 1367978156, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1997, "year_label": "1997 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – Severe Tropical Storm Linda devastates southern Vietnam and Thailand, killing 3,275 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367978156#November", "title": "1997", "revid": 1367978156, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20–21 APEC Thailand 2003 took place in Bangkok, Thailand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304087564#October", "title": "2003 in Thailand", "revid": 1304087564, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – The 9.1–9.3 Mw Indian Ocean earthquake shakes northern Sumatra with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). One of the largest observed tsunamis follows, affecting coastal areas of Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Somalia, the Maldives, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Indonesia, killing 227,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#December", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – A 6.1-magnitude earthquake strikes in remote northern Laos, and is felt as far away as Bangkok, Thailand, and Hanoi, Vietnam, where shoppers fled malls and high-rise buildings are evacuated. In Luang Prabang, 92 km. from the epicenter, residents said they felt only minor shaking. There were no reports of injuries or severe damage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311397433#May", "title": "2007 in Laos", "revid": 1311397433, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – Cambodia will build a new rail link to Thailand with US$80 million in funds it received from the Asian Development Bank and OPEC. Work on the 48-kilometer line between Sisophon and Poipet will start early next year and be completed by 2010, transport minister Sun Chanthol says.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311637592#November", "title": "2007 in Cambodia", "revid": 1311637592, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – Protests in Bangkok, Thailand, end with a bloody military crackdown, killing 91 and injuring more than 2,100.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#May", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – In Thailand over 12.8 million people are affected by severe flooding. The World Bank estimates damages at 1,440 billion baht (US$45 billion). Some areas are still six feet under water, and many factory areas remain closed at the end of the year. 815 people are killed, with 58 of the country's 77 provinces affected.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372940525#July", "title": "2011", "revid": 1372940525, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Following a mourning period of seven weeks after the death and funeral of Bhumibol Adulyadej, Vajiralongkorn formally succeeds his late father as the new King of Thailand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373421880#December", "title": "2016", "revid": 1373421880, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – Twelve boys and their football coach are successfully rescued from the flooded Tham Luang Nang Non cave in Thailand, following a 17-day ordeal that gained worldwide attention. One person, a law enforcement officer is killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#July", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 4", "text": "4 February – 25-year-old Australian footballer and refugee from Bahrain, Hakeem al-Araibi, is ordered to defend an extradition order back to Bahrain in a Bangkok court, after being detained upon arrival in Thailand for his honeymoon with his wife in November 2018. International community is treating it as a human rights issue; a campaign to free al-Araibi and return him to Australia is growing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327968057#Events", "title": "2019 in Bahrain", "revid": 1327968057, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra returns to Thailand after 15 years of political exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#August", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 29", "text": "December 29 – Jeju Air Flight 2216, a Boeing 737-800 passenger flight from Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok, Thailand, to Muan International Airport in Muan, South Korea, veers off the runway at Muan International Airport and crashes into a barrier, killing 179 people. Two injured survivors are reported.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#December", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Armed conflicts break out between Cambodia and Thailand after the escalation of a border dispute. At least 39 people are killed and more than 100,000 displaced due to the conflicts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#July", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Typhoon Kalmaegi leaves more than 288 people dead in the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#November", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – Cyclone Senyar causes at least 1,390 deaths and leaves 186 missing in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#November", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › November"}}]}