{"slug": "tangier", "label": "Tangier", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangier", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126148", "qid": "Q126148", "description": "city in and capital of Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [702, 1956], "span_label": ["702 CE", "1956 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "morocco", "label": "Morocco", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "moors", "label": "Moors", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "arabs", "label": "Arabs", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "portugal", "label": "Portugal", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mumbai", "label": "Mumbai", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tlemcen", "label": "Tlemcen", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "al-andalus", "label": "Al-Andalus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "north-africa", "label": "North Africa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "islam", "label": "Islam", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 702, "year_label": "702 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Muslim-Arabs under Musa ibn Nusayr conquer Tangier and Sous, taking control of all Morocco (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807070#Arabian_Empire", "title": "702", "revid": 1340807070, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 710, "year_label": "710 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "An Arab army is invited into Ceuta by its governor, Julian, who is an opponent of Roderick. He encourages them to invade the Iberian Peninsula. Tariq ibn Ziyad is appointed governor of Tangier (Morocco), and establishes a Moorish garrison of 1,700 men.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807117#Europe", "title": "710", "revid": 1340807117, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 739, "year_label": "739 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Great Berber Revolt: The Berbers break out in revolt against the Umayyad rulers at Maghreb, in response to the oppressive, (and, by Islamic law, illegal) tax-collection and slave-tribute. The rebellion is led by the chieftain (alleged water-carrier) Maysara al-Matghari. He successfully seizes Tangier, and rapidly captures much of western Morocco. The Berber rebellion which erupts not only undermines caliphal rule and fragments the wilayat or province of Ifriqiya (North Africa), but paves the way for the emergence of autonomous local Arab dynasties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809724#Africa", "title": "739", "revid": 1340809724, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 740, "year_label": "740 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of the Nobles: The Berber rebels under chieftain Khalid ibn Hamid al-Zanati defeat and overwhelm the Umayyad forces of Khalid ibn Abi Habib al-Fihri, near Tangier (Northern Morocco), undermining Arab domination in Islamic North Africa. The rebellion spreads in Al-Andalus (Spain), causing governor Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab to withdraw Moorish troops from many garrisons north of the Pyrenees.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352534655#Africa", "title": "740", "revid": 1352534655, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 951, "year_label": "951 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Abd ar-Rahman III consolidated his grip on North Africa by occupying Tangier in 951.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512694#China", "title": "951", "revid": 1341512694, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 958, "year_label": "958 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Fatimid general Abu al-Hasan Jawhar ibn Abd Allah takes Ifgan, the capital of the rebellious Kharijite Banu Ya'la tribe. In the following two years, Jawhar conquers most of the north of modern-day Morocco and Algeria. In particular, he conquers the cities of Tangier, Sijilmasa and Tlemcen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468198#Africa", "title": "958", "revid": 1364468198, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1080, "year_label": "1080 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Almoravid emir, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, conquers Tangier, Badis and Hunayn.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363303187#Africa", "title": "1080", "revid": 1363303187, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1325, "year_label": "1325 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – (2 Rajab 725 AH) Ibn Battuta, Moroccan scholar and explorer, sets off from his hometown of Tangier on a hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca. En route, he travels to Tlemcen, Béjaïa and Tunis, where he stays for two months. For safety, Ibn Battuta joins a caravan to reduce the risk of being robbed. Underway, he takes a bride in Sfax, but soon leaves her due to a dispute with her father. Traveling more than any other explorer before the modern era, he will travel an estimated 73,000 mi over the next 30 years, more than twice as much as Zheng He in the 15th century and three times as far as Marco Polo in the 14th century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366485647#April_–_June", "title": "1325", "revid": 1366485647, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1437, "year_label": "1437 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – Led by Prince Henry the Navigator, a poorly-prepared Portuguese attempt to conquer the city of Tangier in the Marinid Sultanate in Morocco begins. Although the Portuguese have more than 6,000 troops, they reach the walled city and find that their scaling ladders are too short to reach the top, and their artillery is too weak to damage the walls.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358546204#July–September", "title": "1437", "revid": 1358546204, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1471, "year_label": "1471 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – The Portuguese occupy Tangier, after its population flees the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370196979#July–September", "title": "1471", "revid": 1370196979, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1508, "year_label": "1508 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Duarte de Menezes began his term as Governor of Tangier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266147162#Events", "title": "1508 in Portugal", "revid": 1266147162, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1661, "year_label": "1661 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 23", "text": "23 June – Charles II signs a marriage treaty with Portugal. He will marry Catherine of Braganza; as part of the dowry, Portugal cedes Bombay and Tangier to England and grants free trade with Brazil and the East Indies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737330#Events", "title": "1661 in England", "revid": 1353737330, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – (May 31 N.S.); Princess Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King João IV of Portugal, marries Charles II of England. As part of the dowry, Portugal cedes Bombay in India, and Tangier in Morocco, to England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#April–June", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1680, "year_label": "1680 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – A four month truce between England and Morocco expires and the Alcaid Omar, Viceroy of Morocco, begins a bombardment of the English fort at Tangier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365997201#July–September", "title": "1680", "revid": 1365997201, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1684, "year_label": "1684 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – Morocco retakes control of the city of Tangier from England, which had controlled the North African port since 1661. During the five months prior to evacuation of the English from the city, the Governor, Lord Dartmouth had ordered the destruction of the wall around the city, its fortifications and port facilities that had been built by the English during the occupation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366005630#January–March", "title": "1684", "revid": 1366005630, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 31", "text": "31 March – during the First Moroccan Crisis, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany met with representatives of Sultan Abdelaziz of Morocco in Tangier", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331894499#Events", "title": "1905 in Germany", "revid": 1331894499, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – Tangier Protocol: The international city Tangier is reintegrated into Morocco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#October", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › October"}}]}