{"slug": "sydney", "label": "Sydney", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3130", "qid": "Q3130", "description": "capital city of New South Wales, Australia", "entries": 53, "years": 43, "span": [1770, 2025], "span_label": ["1770 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 11}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 8}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 6}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 3}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Sydney, New South Wales"], "related": [{"slug": "australia", "label": "Australia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "melbourne", "label": "Melbourne", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "new-south-wales", "label": "New South Wales", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bay-of-islands", "label": "Bay of Islands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "san-francisco", "label": "San Francisco", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "port-jackson", "label": "Port Jackson", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "brisbane", "label": "Brisbane", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maori-people", "label": "Māori people", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "william-iv", "label": "William IV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-darwin", "label": "Charles Darwin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mahdist-war", "label": "Mahdist War", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – First voyage of James Cook: Captain Cook drops anchor on HMS Endeavour in a wide bay, about 16 km (10 mi) south of the present city of Sydney, Australia. Because the young botanist on board the ship, Joseph Banks, discovers 30,000 specimens of plant life in the area, 1,600 of them unknown to European science, Cook names the place Botany Bay on May 7.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#April–June", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1788, "year_label": "1788 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 26", "text": "26 January – After Botany Bay was decided unsuitable for settlement, the First Fleet sails to Port Jackson and lands at Sydney Cove to establish a settlement (which becomes Sydney).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363047742#Events", "title": "1788 in Australia", "revid": 1363047742, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1788, "year_label": "1788 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 26", "text": "26 January – eleven ships of First Fleet from Botany Bay led by Arthur Phillip land in what would become Sydney, Australia. Britain establishes the prison colony of New South Wales, the first permanent European settlement on the continent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360782488#Events", "title": "1788 in Great Britain", "revid": 1360782488, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1795, "year_label": "1795 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "? - A tornado strikes Sydney, destroying crops and trees in the early settlement, 1st tornado recorded in the BOM's severe weather archives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374053504#Events", "title": "1795 in Australia", "revid": 1374053504, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – Battle of Parramatta: Resistance leader Pemulwuy leads a group of aboriginal warriors, estimated to be at least 100, in an attack on a government farm at Toongabbie in Sydney, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310974#January–March", "title": "1797", "revid": 1368310974, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1799, "year_label": "1799 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 11", "text": "11 February – The jail in Sydney is burned by arsonists.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374053548#Events", "title": "1799 in Australia", "revid": 1374053548, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1803, "year_label": "1803 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 19", "text": "19 September – Alexander leaves Port Jackson to return Teina to New Zealand. Teina has stayed with Governor King while in Sydney and has been given gifts to take back with him, including pigs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323272629#Events", "title": "1803 in New Zealand", "revid": 1323272629, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "August 23", "text": "23 August – The first dry cleaning business is opened in Sydney by Englishman Robert Davidson.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374053836#Events", "title": "1807 in Australia", "revid": 1374053836, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 3", "text": "3 May – The Brothers collects two men it had dropped in 1809 on islands on what is now the Dunedin coast at Port Daniel (Otago Harbour), including William Tucker. Tucker is sent to look for other sealers from the Brothers at Stewart Island. It is probably at this time, on the shores of Foveaux Strait, that he steals the Māori preserved head that he later sells in Sydney, thus inaugurating the retail trade of such items.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360295240#Events", "title": "1810 in New Zealand", "revid": 1360295240, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1813, "year_label": "1813 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 19", "text": "19 April – The Perseverance, leaves Sydney looking for flax trading possibilities in the south of the South Island. During the trip she is the first ship known to have entered Bluff Harbour.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360304941#Events", "title": "1813 in New Zealand", "revid": 1360304941, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1815, "year_label": "1815 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Thomas Kendall has the first book printed in Māori, A korao no New Zealand; or, the New Zealander's first book; being an attempt to compose some lessons for the instruction of the natives, published in Sydney. (see also 1820)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368078664#Events", "title": "1815 in New Zealand", "revid": 1368078664, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1824, "year_label": "1824 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 3", "text": "3 April – George Clarke arrives in the Bay of Islands having taken passage from Sydney on board the French corvette La Coquille. La Coquille is commanded by Louis Isidore Duperrey, with Jules Dumont d'Urville as second-in-command, and will go on to complete a global circumnavigation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932241#Events", "title": "1824 in New Zealand", "revid": 1332932241, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1824, "year_label": "1824 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – With his crew and 29 convicts aboard the Amity, John Oxley arrives at and founds the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement at what becomes Brisbane, Queensland, in Australia, after leaving Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359333471#July–September", "title": "1824", "revid": 1359333471, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1827, "year_label": "1827 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 30", "text": "30 January – The Rosanna leaves the Hokianga Harbour for Sydney signalling the end of the attempt by the 1825 New Zealand Company to settle New Zealand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360344183#Events", "title": "1827 in New Zealand", "revid": 1360344183, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1828, "year_label": "1828 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 13", "text": "13 September - Robbers break into the vault of the Bank of Australasia in Sydney - first bank robbery in Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374055452#Events", "title": "1828 in Australia", "revid": 1374055452, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1830, "year_label": "1830 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 3", "text": "3 February – John Guard arrives in Sydney with a cargo of whale oil, the first to be shipped from the South Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360356142#Events", "title": "1830 in New Zealand", "revid": 1360356142, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1830, "year_label": "1830 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 31", "text": "31 July – William Yate returns from 6 months 'training' in printing at Sydney with a printing press. His attempts at printing are not particularly successful. (see also 1834 & 1835)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360356142#Events", "title": "1830 in New Zealand", "revid": 1360356142, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Joseph Brooks Weller arrives in Otago Harbour on the Sir George Murray and makes an agreement with local Māori claiming territory for King William IV before returning to Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359857476#Events", "title": "1831 in New Zealand", "revid": 1359857476, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 18", "text": "18 April - The Sydney daily newspaper and Australia's oldest newspaper The Sydney Morning Herald is first published.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367585229#Events", "title": "1831 in Australia", "revid": 1367585229, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – Auxiliary paddle steamer Sophia Jane arrives at Sydney from London, becoming the first steamboat to operate in the coastal waters of New South Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#April–June", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 25", "text": "25 December – John Guard Junior baptised in Sydney. (see above)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359857476#Events", "title": "1831 in New Zealand", "revid": 1359857476, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1836, "year_label": "1836 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – HMS Beagle, with Charles Darwin on board, reaches Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342504#January–March", "title": "1836", "revid": 1368342504, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1844, "year_label": "1844 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February", "text": "February – public ferry service commences between Balmain East ferry wharf and the Australian Gas Light Company wharf at Millers Point, Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322270265#Events", "title": "1844 in Australia", "revid": 1322270265, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Switzerland opens a consulate in Sydney, Australia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739736#Events", "title": "1855 in Switzerland", "revid": 1353739736, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 2", "text": "2 June – The schooner Waratah disappears between Sydney and Newcastle, claiming seven lives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331521984#Events", "title": "1864 in Australia", "revid": 1331521984, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1869, "year_label": "1869 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 24", "text": "24 March – A fatal case of cholera is reported in Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1316396292#Events", "title": "1869 in Australia", "revid": 1316396292, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 27", "text": "27 August – 3 September: Second visit by Prince Alfred, returning briefly to Wellington before departing for Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1324465021#Events", "title": "1870 in New Zealand", "revid": 1324465021, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 26", "text": "26 April – Seventy square kilometres of land in Sydney's Sutherland Shire is proclaimed The National Park (later the Royal National Park).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310479569#Events", "title": "1879 in Australia", "revid": 1310479569, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 1", "text": "1 July – The Daily Telegraph newspaper is first published in Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310479569#Events", "title": "1879 in Australia", "revid": 1310479569, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1880, "year_label": "1880 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 20", "text": "20 January – Bushranger Captain Moonlite (real name Andrew George Scott) hanged in Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323151145#Events", "title": "1880 in Australia", "revid": 1323151145, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1883, "year_label": "1883 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 14", "text": "14 June – A rail service between Sydney and Melbourne commences when the NSW and Victorian rail systems are joined at Albury.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598643#Events", "title": "1883 in Australia", "revid": 1360598643, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1885, "year_label": "1885 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 3", "text": "3 March – The New South Wales Contingent, consisting of an infantry battalion and an artillery battalion, leaves Sydney to fight in the Sudan Campaign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310749394#Events", "title": "1885 in Australia", "revid": 1310749394, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 31", "text": "31 May – The first Australian Championships in Athletics are held under the name Inter Colonial Meet. The men's competition is staged at the Moore Park in Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1286363466#Sport", "title": "1890 in Australia", "revid": 1286363466, "section": "Sport"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 21", "text": "21 February – The Bondi Surf Bather's Lifesaving Club is formed at Bondi Beach, Sydney, the first of its kind in the world.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373522646#Events", "title": "1907 in Australia", "revid": 1373522646, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 8", "text": "8 October – The capital of Australia is chosen, settling a feud between rivals Melbourne and Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323151166#Events", "title": "1908 in Australia", "revid": 1323151166, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 16", "text": "16 July – Maurice Guillaux leaves Melbourne to fly to Sydney in a Blériot monoplane in the first delivery of airmail. He arrived in Sydney on 18 July after nine and a half hours of flying time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367719621#Events", "title": "1914 in Australia", "revid": 1367719621, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 21", "text": "21 March – The Australian National Airways aircraft Southern Cloud, carrying 8 persons, disappears on a flight between Sydney and Melbourne. The wreckage is not located until 1958.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352789273#Events", "title": "1931 in Australia", "revid": 1352789273, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 19", "text": "19 November – Hubert Opperman completes an epic bicycle ride from Fremantle, Western Australia to Sydney, taking 13 days, 10 hours and 11 minutes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352789406#Sport", "title": "1937 in Australia", "revid": 1352789406, "section": "Sport"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Black Sunday at Bondi Beach, Sydney, Australia: 300 swimmers are dragged out to sea in 3 freak waves; 80 lifesavers save all but 5.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#February", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 6", "text": "6 February – Three hundred beachgoers are dragged out to sea when three freak waves strike Bondi Beach in Sydney in an event known as \"Black Sunday\". A team of eighty surf lifesavers manage to rescue all but five people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352789423#Events", "title": "1938 in Australia", "revid": 1352789423, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 1", "text": "1 January – A massive hailstorm strikes Sydney, causing hundreds of injuries and an estimated £1 million damage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300793212#Events", "title": "1947 in Australia", "revid": 1300793212, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – CF-CUN, a de Havilland DH-106 Comet 1A of CPAL named Empress of Hawaii, crashed during takeoff from Karachi's Mauripur RAF Station during its delivery flight at 03:35 at 30 m (98 feet) elevation, killing all 11 occupants. The plane was headed to Singapore's Seletar Airport to be flown to Sydney for an inaugural flight to Honolulu on April 28. The crash was found to have been caused by the pilot, who had little experience with the Comet, taking off at night without obeying prescribed takeoff technique.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281609977#Events", "title": "1953 in Pakistan", "revid": 1281609977, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 29", "text": "29 July – Qantas launched its first jet service from Sydney to San Francisco via Nadi and Honolulu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347869895#Events", "title": "1959 in Australia", "revid": 1347869895, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1971, "year_label": "1971 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – The first McDonald's in Australia opens in Yagoona, Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369905382#December", "title": "1971", "revid": 1369905382, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 1", "text": "1 May – The Australian branch of Earthwatch Institute is established in Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362715825#May", "title": "1980 in Australia", "revid": 1362715825, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – The International Olympic Committee selects Sydney, Australia, to host the 2000 Summer Olympics.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#September", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21–September 5 – 1998 Sydney water crisis: suspected contamination by the microscopic pathogens cryptosporidium and giardia of the water supply system of Greater Metropolitan Sydney, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#July", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – The country competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1245931284#Events", "title": "2000 in Gabon", "revid": 1245931284, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15–October 1 – The 2000 Summer Olympics, held in Sydney, Australia, is the first Olympic Games of the 2000s.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#September", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15-October 1: 25 athletes from Armenia competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1240539520#September", "title": "2000 in Armenia", "revid": 1240539520, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2014, "year_label": "2014 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – Two hostages and terrorist Man Haron Monis are killed in the Lindt Cafe siege in Sydney, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373534475#December", "title": "2014", "revid": 1373534475, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – October 1 – The 2022 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup is held in Sydney, Australia. In the final, the United States wins 83–61 against China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#September", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – At least 16 people are killed and 43 injured in a mass shooting, classified as a terrorist attack, by two gunmen at Bondi Beach in Sydney during a celebration for the start of the Jewish festival of Hanukkah.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#December", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › December"}}]}