{"slug": "south-african-republic", "label": "South African Republic", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Republic", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550374", "qid": "Q550374", "description": "independent Boer-ruled country in Southern Africa between 1856–1902", "entries": 27, "years": 18, "span": [1818, 1900], "span_label": ["1818 CE", "1900 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 10}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Transvaal Republic", "Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek"], "related": [{"slug": "cape-colony", "label": "Cape Colony", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "mozambique", "label": "Mozambique", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "colony-of-natal", "label": "Colony of Natal", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "johannesburg", "label": "Johannesburg", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-kingdom", "label": "United Kingdom", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mahatma-gandhi", "label": "Mahatma Gandhi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "boers", "label": "Boers", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 16", "text": "16 May – Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg, the second president of the South African Republic, is born on the farm near Beaufort West in the Cape Colony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950931#Births", "title": "1818 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950931, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 17", "text": "17 September - Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, the first president of the South African Republic and founder of Pretoria, is born on the farm Pretoriuskloof in the Graaff-Reinet district of the Cape Colony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950905#Births", "title": "1819 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950905, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 5", "text": "5 May – Gezina Susanna Fredricka Wilhelmina du Plessis, who later married South African Republic general and future politician Paul Kruger, and had seven daughters and nine sons with him, is born.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951464#Births", "title": "1831 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951464, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1834, "year_label": "1834 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 20", "text": "20 January - Petrus Jacobus Joubert, a South African Republic Triumvirate member, is born near Cango in the Oudtshoorn district of Cape Colony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951553#Births", "title": "1834 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951553, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Transvaal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354165010#January–March", "title": "1852", "revid": 1354165010, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – The seat of the South African Republic (ZAR) government is officially transferred from Potchefstroom to Pretoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322717186", "title": "1860 in South Africa", "revid": 1322717186, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1877, "year_label": "1877 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – Theophilus Shepstone annexes the Transvaal Republic as a British colony, in preparation for confederation. Resistance to British rule begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350688301", "title": "1877 in South Africa", "revid": 1350688301, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1877, "year_label": "1877 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – The United Kingdom annexes the South African Republic, violating the Sand River Convention of 1852, causing the First Boer War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370239819#April", "title": "1877", "revid": 1370239819, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1878, "year_label": "1878 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Paul Kruger leads a second deputation to the United Kingdom to demand the freedom of the South African Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337118234", "title": "1878 in South Africa", "revid": 1337118234, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1880, "year_label": "1880 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – The Transvaal becomes a republic, and Paul Kruger becomes its first president.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371273111#December", "title": "1880", "revid": 1371273111, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1889, "year_label": "1889 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – The Potchefstroom treaty is signed by Paul Kruger and F.W. Reitz, the respective Presidents of the South African Republic (ZAR) and the Orange Free State. The treaty binds each state to assist the other whenever either is unjustly attacked.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326929966", "title": "1889 in South Africa", "revid": 1326929966, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – The first railway in Transvaal, the Randtram, opens between Boksburg and Braamfontein in Johannesburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364071388#March", "title": "1890", "revid": 1364071388, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – The first railway line in the Transvaal, known as the Randtram, is opened for service between Boksburg and Braamfontein in Johannesburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322705965", "title": "1890 in South Africa", "revid": 1322705965, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 23", "text": "23 June – President Paul Kruger of the South African Republic institutes a Second Volksraad which is responsible for controlling local matters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322705965", "title": "1890 in South Africa", "revid": 1322705965, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Gandhi arrives in South Africa, where he will live until 1914, lead non-violent protests on behalf of Indian immigrants in the South African Republic (Transvaal), and develop a deeper experience of such activities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#May", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Paul Kruger, President of the Transvaal Republic, meets British High Commissioner Sir Henry Loch in Pretoria to discuss the grievances of the Uitlanders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326928231", "title": "1894 in South Africa", "revid": 1326928231, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – The railways of the Cape of Good Hope, Colony of Natal, the Orange Free State, the South African Republic and southern Mozambique are all linked at Union Junction near Alberton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364324653#December", "title": "1895", "revid": 1364324653, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – The railways of the Cape Colony, Natal, the Orange Free State, the South African Republic and southern Mozambique are all linked at Union Junction near Alberton, completing the logistics supply lines for the British military invasion of the Boer Republics in the Second Boer War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323614550", "title": "1895 in South Africa", "revid": 1323614550, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 29", "text": "December 29 – The Jameson Raid is launched when Leander Starr Jameson and his forces cross into Transvaal from Bechuanaland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323614550", "title": "1895 in South Africa", "revid": 1323614550, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1897, "year_label": "1897 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The independent Pretoria-Pietersburg Railway in the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (Transvaal Republic) purchases a 4-6-0 35 Tonner tank locomotive named Portuguese from the Lourenco Marques, Delagoa Bay and East Africa Railway in Mozambique.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326928300#Locomotives", "title": "1897 in South Africa", "revid": 1326928300, "section": "Railways › Locomotives"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – The Sabie Game Reserve, renamed to Kruger National Park in 1926, is proclaimed in the Official Gazette of the South African Republic, the first officially designated game reserve.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184806", "title": "1898 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184806, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April", "text": "The Transvaal government orders Asiatics to move into Locations specified by the government before 1 July.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358047099", "title": "1899 in South Africa", "revid": 1358047099, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Joseph Chamberlain sets into motion the Second Boer War after receiving an appeal from the British Cape Colony in South Africa to help British subjects oppressed in the Transvaal Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#June", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – Preparing for an attack on Britain's Cape Colony from the neighboring Transvaal Republic, Robert Baden-Powell arrives at the border town of Mafeking and begins recruiting volunteers and stockpiling munitions to prepare for an attack and siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#September", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 11", "text": "11 October – Second Boer War begins: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State, erupts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355949390#Events", "title": "1899 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1355949390, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – A Joint Diplomatic Delegation consisting of Abraham Fischer and C.H. Wessels for the Orange Free State and A.D.W. Wolmarans for the South African Republic, with J.M. de Bruin as secretary, embarks at Lourenço Marques for Europe and the United States, seeking international intervention in the South African War and aid for the beleaguered Boer republics.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184819", "title": "1900 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184819, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373317536#October", "title": "1900", "revid": 1373317536, "section": "Events › October"}}]}