{"slug": "somalia", "label": "Somalia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045", "qid": "Q1045", "description": "sovereign state in Africa", "entries": 28, "years": 22, "span": [1969, 2023], "span_label": ["1969 CE", "2023 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 5}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "mogadishu", "label": "Mogadishu", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "united-nations", "label": "United Nations", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ethiopia", "label": "Ethiopia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "siad-barre", "label": "Siad Barre", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "myanmar", "label": "Myanmar", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "modified-mercalli-intensity-scale", "label": "Modified Mercalli intensity scale", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thailand", "label": "Thailand", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sri-lanka", "label": "Sri Lanka", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "malaysia", "label": "Malaysia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sumatra", "label": "Sumatra", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maldives", "label": "Maldives", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – General Siad Barre comes to power in Somalia in a coup, 6 days after the assassination of President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#October", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ethio-Somali War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#July", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – German Autumn: Four Palestinians hijack Lufthansa Flight 181 to Somalia and demand the release of 11 Red Army Faction members.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#October", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17–18 – German Autumn: GSG 9 troopers storm the hijacked Lufthansa passenger plane in Mogadishu, Somalia; three of the four hijackers die.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#October", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – The last natural smallpox case is discovered in Merca district, Somalia. The WHO and the CDC consider this date the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, a great success of vaccination and, by extension, of modern science.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#October", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – Somali military officers stage an unsuccessful coup against the government of Siad Barre; security forces thwart the attempt within hours, and several conspirators are arrested.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022681#April", "title": "1978", "revid": 1370022681, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – A peace agreement between Kenya and Somalia is signed in the Egyptian capital Cairo. With this agreement, in which Somalia officially renounces its historical territorial claims, relations between the two countries begin to improve.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#December", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – A hybrid solar eclipse is the second hybrid solar eclipse in less than one year, the first being on October 3, 1986. It is annular visible in southern Argentina, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Sudan (part of the path of annularity crossed today's South Sudan), Ethiopia, Djibouti and northern Somalia and totally visible in Atlantic Ocean, lasting just 7.57 seconds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#March", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27–29 – Somaliland War of Independence: Somali National Movement launches a major offensive against Somali government forces in Hargeisa and Burao, then second and third largest cities of Somalia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#May", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Somaliland secedes from Somalia; its independence is not recognised by the international community.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#May", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – UN Security Council Resolution 794 is unanimously passed, approving a coalition of United Nations peacekeepers led by the United States to form UNITAF, tasked with ensuring that humanitarian aid gets distributed and establishing peace in Somalia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#December", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – UNOSOM II assumes the Somalian duties of the dissolved UNITAF.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#May", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Attack on Pakistani military in Somalia: twenty-four Pakistani troops in the United Nations forces are killed in Mogadishu, Somalia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#June", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 - Near the border with Somalia, farmers have been growing khat instead of coffee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311394852#December", "title": "2003 in Ethiopia", "revid": 1311394852, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – The 9.1–9.3 Mw Indian Ocean earthquake shakes northern Sumatra with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). One of the largest observed tsunamis follows, affecting coastal areas of Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Somalia, the Maldives, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Indonesia, killing 227,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#December", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 - Oxfam reports hundreds of thousands are affected by severe water shortages in Kenya and Somalia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299528732#February", "title": "2006 in Kenya", "revid": 1299528732, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April", "text": "Pope Benedict laments the violence in Darfur, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, Somalia, Afghanistan, and the Middle East, stating, \"nothing positive is happening in Iraq\" in his Easter homily.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369036891#April", "title": "2007 in Afghanistan", "revid": 1369036891, "section": "April"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 - a Fokker F27-500 cargo aircraft operated by Fly540. crashed about 20 km from the Namber Konton airport near Mogadishu, Somalia. All three crew members died. The aircraft was carrying a shipment of miraa (khat). The plane had departed from Wilson Airport in Nairobi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371399178#August", "title": "2008 in Kenya", "revid": 1371399178, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 - MV Faina, a Ukrainian ship was seized by Somali pirates off the Somalian coast. The ship was carrying 33 Russian T-72 tanks destined to Kenya.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371399178#September", "title": "2008 in Kenya", "revid": 1371399178, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 - A light cargo plane crashes at the Wilson Airport, killing two crew members. The plane was carrying miraa to Somalia (main article: 2009 Kenyan Beach 1990D crash)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369656376#November", "title": "2009 in Kenya", "revid": 1369656376, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 - South Korea will fly the bodies of eight Somali pirates killed in a commando raid on a freighter last month from Muscat to Mogadishu, Somalia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266138751#February", "title": "2011 in Oman", "revid": 1266138751, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – The United Nations declares a famine in southern Somalia, the first in over 30 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372940525#July", "title": "2011", "revid": 1372940525, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2012, "year_label": "2012 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – At least 55 people drown after an overcrowded boat capsizes off the coast of Somalia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434549#December", "title": "2012", "revid": 1373434549, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "Two hotels are attacked in Sousse by unknown gunmen, killing 38 people and injuring 36. This was on the same day as attacks in France, Kuwait, Syria and Somalia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1284616483#June", "title": "2015 in Tunisia", "revid": 1284616483, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – The UN warns that the world is facing the largest humanitarian crisis since World War II, with up to 20 million people at risk of starvation and famine in Yemen, Somalia, South Sudan and Nigeria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371948773#March", "title": "2017", "revid": 1371948773, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – A locust plague devastates 173,000 acres (70,000 hectares) of crop and grazing land in Ethiopia and Somalia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#December", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – A double car bombing by al-Shabaab in Mogadishu, Somalia kills at least 121 people and injures around 300.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#October", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 24", "text": "November 24 – Somalia is admitted as the eighth member of the East African Community, having applied for membership in 2012.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#November", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › November"}}]}