{"slug": "shia-islam", "label": "Shia Islam", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9585", "qid": "Q9585", "description": "second-most populous Islamic denomination", "entries": 42, "years": 41, "span": [600, 2020], "span_label": ["600 CE", "2020 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 13}, {"title": "Births", "count": 12}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Shi'a", "Shi'a Islam", "Shi'i", "Shi'ism", "Shi'ite", "Shi'ites", "Shia", "Shia Muslim", "Shia islam", "Shiite", "Shiite Muslims", "Shiites"], "related": [{"slug": "fatimid-caliphate", "label": "Fatimid Caliphate", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "tunisia", "label": "Tunisia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "baghdad", "label": "Baghdad", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sunni-islam", "label": "Sunni Islam", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ali", "label": "Ali", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "twelver-shi-ism", "label": "Twelver Shi'ism", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "abbasid-caliphate", "label": "Abbasid Caliphate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ifriqiya", "label": "Ifriqiya", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "zirid-dynasty", "label": "Zirid dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "afghanistan", "label": "Afghanistan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kutama", "label": "Kutama", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muslim caliph and Shī‘ah imām (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Births", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 601, "year_label": "601 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – Ali, central figure in Shia Islam (d. 661)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364903478#Births", "title": "601", "revid": 1364903478, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 (approximate) – Muhammad makes his final sermon to the Muslims. It is believed by Shia to be the appointment of Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. The Imamah (Shia doctrine) of Ali Ibn Abi Talib, for the religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah, begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Arabia", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 700, "year_label": "700 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ja'far al-Sadiq, Shī‘ah Imām and scholar (or 702)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806781#Births", "title": "700", "revid": 1340806781, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 702, "year_label": "702 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ja'far al-Sadiq, sixth Shī‘ah Imām and Muslim scholar (d. 765)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807070#Births", "title": "702", "revid": 1340807070, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 719, "year_label": "719 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Isma'il ibn Jafar, Shī‘ah Imām and scholar (or 722)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367050525#Births", "title": "719", "revid": 1367050525, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 722, "year_label": "722 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Isma'il ibn Ja'far, Shī‘ah Imām and scholar (or 719)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808641#Births", "title": "722", "revid": 1340808641, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 767, "year_label": "767 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi`i, Muslim imam (d. 820)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350246348#Births", "title": "AD 767", "revid": 1350246348, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 775, "year_label": "775 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Isma'il ibn Jafar, Shī‘ah Imām (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848014#Deaths", "title": "775", "revid": 1340848014, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 820, "year_label": "820 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i, Muslim imam (b. 767)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345013367#Deaths", "title": "820", "revid": 1345013367, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 874, "year_label": "874 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad al-Mahdi, the child of the eleventh Shi'i Twelver Imam Hasan al-Askari, begins his Imamate. His first period of occultation, known as the Minor Occultation, also begins (ends 941 CE).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347164206#Religion", "title": "874", "revid": 1347164206, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Forces under the Transoxianian emir Isma'il ibn Ahmad are victorious at Balkh (Northern Afghanistan) over Amr ibn al-Layth; the latter is captured and sent to Caliph Al-Mu'tadid in Baghdad. The Samanid Dynasty rules over Khorasan, as well as Transoxiana. A few months later, the Samanids conquer the Zaydid emirate of Tabaristan. This victory marks the beginning of the dispersion of the local Shi'ites by the new Sunni power.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 901, "year_label": "901 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Abu 'Abdullah al-Shi'i leads the rebellion of the Kutama Berbers (a movement of the Shiʿite Fatimids), against the Aghlabid emirate in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345013381#Arabian_Empire", "title": "901", "revid": 1345013381, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 909, "year_label": "909 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – The Fatimid Dynasty founded by Shiite Muslims in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) gains suzerainty over the Aghlabid Dynasty in North Africa. Emir Ziyadat Allah III escapes to the Near East, unable to secure any help from the Abbasid Caliphate to regain his emirate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367656270#Africa", "title": "909", "revid": 1367656270, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 911, "year_label": "911 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A rebellion of the Kutama Berbers against the Fatimid Caliphate occurs. The Kutama tribesmen were previously the main supporters of the Shia regime.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372066182#Africa", "title": "AD 911", "revid": 1372066182, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 911, "year_label": "911 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i, Muslim Shia missionary", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372066182#Deaths", "title": "AD 911", "revid": 1372066182, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 939, "year_label": "939 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ali ibn Babawayh Qummi, Twelver Shi'a scholar", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656722#Deaths", "title": "939", "revid": 1366656722, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 948, "year_label": "948 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, Twelver Shia theologian (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512591#Births", "title": "948", "revid": 1341512591, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 965, "year_label": "965 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Sharif al-Murtaza, Buyid Shia scholar (d. 1044)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371364470#Births", "title": "965", "revid": 1371364470, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 970, "year_label": "970 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Al-Sharif al-Radi, Persian Shi'ite scholar and poet (d. 1015)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261460#Births", "title": "970", "revid": 1365261460, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 991, "year_label": "991 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ibn Babawayh, Persian Shi'ite scholar", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261005#Deaths", "title": "991", "revid": 1365261005, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 995, "year_label": "995 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Shaykh Tusi, Persian Shia scholar (d. 1067)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360634539#Births", "title": "995", "revid": 1360634539, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 996, "year_label": "996 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – Caliph Al-Aziz Billah dies at Bilbeis in Egypt after a 21-year reign in which he has expanded his Shiite caliphate at the expense of the Byzantines, using Turkish mercenaries (Mamelukes). He is succeeded by his 11-year-old son Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah as ruler of the Fatimid Caliphate (until 1021).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261051#Africa", "title": "996", "revid": 1365261051, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1015, "year_label": "1015 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Al-Sharif al-Radi, Persian Shi'ite scholar (b. 970)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365259982#Deaths", "title": "1015", "revid": 1365259982, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1017, "year_label": "1017 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Sunnis of Kairouan (modern Tunisia) revolt against the Shi'ite Zirid dynasty. The city is quickly retaken and sacked.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212758#Africa", "title": "1017", "revid": 1342212758, "section": "Events › Africa"}}, {"year": 1022, "year_label": "1022 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, Twelver Shia theologian", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213197#Deaths", "title": "1022", "revid": 1342213197, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1041, "year_label": "1041 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Zirid dynasty rejects Shi'ite obedience and Fatimid domination, and recognizes the Abbasids as their overlords.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365267586#Africa", "title": "1041", "revid": 1365267586, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1044, "year_label": "1044 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Sharif al-Murtaza, Buyid Shia scholar (b. 965)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350130068#Deaths", "title": "1044", "revid": 1350130068, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1067, "year_label": "1067 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – Shaykh Tusi, Persian Shia scholar (b. 995)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365260536#Deaths", "title": "1067", "revid": 1365260536, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1073, "year_label": "1073 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Shaykh Tabarsi, Persian Shia scholar (d. 1153)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270579#Births", "title": "1073", "revid": 1365270579, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1138, "year_label": "1138 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – Al-Rashid Billah (deposed caliph of Baghdad), having fled to Isfahan, is killed there by a team of four Nizari Ismailis (Assassins). This is celebrated in Alamut for a week by Shias.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366421724#Middle_East", "title": "1138", "revid": 1366421724, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – Al-Mahdi Muhammad bin al-Mutahhar, the Shi'ite Muslim Imam of the Zaidiyyah state in Yemen, leads Zaidi troops to victory in a battle in the Sheref district against the Sunni Muslim Rasulid sultanate that dominates most of Yemen. A 10-year ceasefire agreement is brokered between Zaidiyyah and the Rasulid Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Da'udsultan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#October_–_December", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – Al-Nasir Muhammad Salah al-Din, Imam of the Zaydi sect of Shia Islam in Yemen, dies at San'a from injuries sustained from being thrown off of his mule. Nasir's death is not announced for two months while his son Al-Mansur Ali bin Salah ad-Din becomes the new Imam but three other claimants attempt to claim the office as well.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#October–December", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1501, "year_label": "1501 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – (1 Jumada al-Thani 907 AH) Ismail I is enthroned as the first Shah of Iran, choosing Tabriz as his capital, founding the Safavid dynasty in northern Iran. He declares Shi'ism the official and compulsory religion, under penalty of death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582028#October–December", "title": "1501", "revid": 1360582028, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first portion of the Oudh Bequest is transferred from Oudh State in the British Raj to the Shia Islam holy cities of Najaf and Karbala, in Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#Date_unknown", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan IV becomes the 49th Imam of the Shia Ismaili Muslims at age 20. His grandfather Sir Sultan Mohammed Shah Aga Khan III appoints Prince Karim in his will.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#July", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Kuwait Airways Flight 422 is hijacked while en route from Bangkok, Thailand, to Kuwait. The hijackers demand the release of 17 Shiite Muslim prisoners held by Kuwait. Kuwait refuses to release the prisoners, leading to a 16-day siege across 3 continents. Two passengers are killed before the siege ends.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#April", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 29", "text": "29 August – Shahab ud-Din Mar'ashi Najafi, Iraqi Shia cleric. (b.1897)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311391764#Deaths", "title": "1990 in Iraq", "revid": 1311391764, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – A series of bombings occur in Karbala, Iraq, killing over 140 Shia Muslims commemorating the Day of Ashura.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#March", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – 2006 al-Askari mosque bombing: Explosions occur at the al-Askari Shrine in Samarra, Iraq. The attack on the shrine, one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam, causes the escalation of sectarian violence in Iraq into a full-scale war (the Iraqi Civil War of 2006–2008).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#February", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2014, "year_label": "2014 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – A Sunni militant group now calling itself the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (also known as ISIS, ISIL or Daesh) begins an offensive through northern Iraq, aiming to capture the Iraqi capital city of Baghdad and overthrow the Shiite government led by Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373534475#June", "title": "2014", "revid": 1373534475, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – Gunmen storm a maternity hospital and kill 24 people, including two newborn babies, in Dashte Barchi, a majority-Shia neighborhood of Kabul, Afghanistan. In a separate incident in Kuz Kunar, 32 people are killed at a funeral by a suicide bomber.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#May", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › May"}}]}