{"slug": "scottish-people", "label": "Scottish people", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_people", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181634", "qid": "Q181634", "description": "Celtic-Germanic ethnic group native to Scotland", "entries": 24, "years": 24, "span": [428, 1855], "span_label": ["428 CE", "1855 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Scots people"], "related": [{"slug": "picts", "label": "Picts", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "celtic-britons", "label": "Celtic Britons", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "strathclyde", "label": "Strathclyde", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kenneth-macalpin", "label": "Kenneth MacAlpin", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-scotland", "label": "Kingdom of Scotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mercenary", "label": "Mercenary", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "james-vi-and-i", "label": "James VI and I", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "english-people", "label": "English people", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "presbyterianism", "label": "Presbyterianism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 428, "year_label": "428 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Vortigern invites a number of Germanic warriors to aid him in consolidating his position in Britain, according to the Historia Brittonum. He hires Saxons who are probably settled in Kent as mercenaries to fight against the Picts and the Scots beyond Hadrian's Wall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321157185#Europe", "title": "428", "revid": 1321157185, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 603, "year_label": "603 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Degsastan: King Æthelfrith of Northumbria defeats the combined forces of the Strathclyde Britons and Scots under Áedán mac Gabráin, establishing the supremacy of the Angles in the northern part of what will become known as the British Isles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752956#Britain", "title": "603", "revid": 1364752956, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 634, "year_label": "634 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Heavenfield: Oswald, possibly accompanied by a force of Scots (or Picts), defeats and kills Cadwallon with a Welsh army near Hexham (northern England). He reunites Deira with Bernicia, and becomes king of Northumbria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299946990#Britain", "title": "634", "revid": 1299946990, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 685, "year_label": "685 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Battle of Dun Nechtain: The Picts under King Bridei III revolt against their Northumbrian overlords. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, advises King Ecgfrith of Northumbria (Bridei's cousin) not to invade Pictland (modern Scotland). Undeterred, Ecgfrith marches his army north to engage the enemy near Dunnichen. The Picts, possibly with Scottish and Strathclyde Briton help, defeat the Saxon guard, killing Ecgfrith, who has reigned for 15 years, routing his army and forcing the Anglo-Saxons to withdraw south of the River Forth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749113#Britain", "title": "685", "revid": 1364749113, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 843, "year_label": "843 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Kenneth MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín) of the Scots also becomes king of the Picts; he is crowned (on the Stone of Destiny) as first monarch of the new nation of Scotland. The Alpin Dynasty of Scottish kings begins to reign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941897#British_Isles", "title": "843", "revid": 1340941897, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 846, "year_label": "846 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Æthelred II of Northumbria sends military assistance to the Picts, in their fight against the invading Scots (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1308185700#Britain", "title": "846", "revid": 1308185700, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 858, "year_label": "858 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – King Kenneth I (Cináed mac Ailpín), king of the Scots, dies after a 15-year reign in which he has been crowned at Scone, and united the various parts of Scotland with his native Dál Riata. His 46-year-old brother succeeds as Donald I, king of Alba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129132#Britain", "title": "858", "revid": 1341129132, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 875, "year_label": "875 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Dollar: Invading Danish Vikings defeat the Scots and the Picts, under King Constantine I, at Dollar. They occupy Caithness, Sutherland, Ross and Moray, far to the north.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352180718#Britain", "title": "875", "revid": 1352180718, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 962, "year_label": "962 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Indulf, king of the Scots and Picts, dies after an 8-year reign. He is killed while fighting Vikings near Cullen, at the Battle of Bauds. Indulf is succeeded by his nephew Dub (Dub mac Maíl Coluim) as ruler of Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513175#Scotland", "title": "962", "revid": 1341513175, "section": "Events › By place › Scotland"}}, {"year": 1545, "year_label": "1545 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Domhnall Dubh, Scottish nobleman (b. late 15th century).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367369737#Deaths", "title": "1545 in Ireland", "revid": 1367369737, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Anglo-Genevan metrical psalter is published, including the Old 100th, the version of the hymn All People That on Earth Do Dwell made from Psalm 100, attributed to the probably-Scottish clergyman and biblical translator William Kethe, exiled in Geneva.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#Date_unknown", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1575, "year_label": "1575 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Turlough Luineach O'Neill submits to the English authorities and receives extensive grants of lands and permission to employ 300 Scottish mercenaries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323611124#Events", "title": "1575 in Ireland", "revid": 1323611124, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November", "text": "November – Scottish adventurer James Hamilton is granted the lordship of Upper (South) Clandeboye and the Great Ardes in the north of County Down by King James VI and I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292453958#Events", "title": "1605 in Ireland", "revid": 1292453958, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1607, "year_label": "1607 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Sir Randall MacDonnell settles 300 Presbyterian Scots families on his land in Antrim.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247388391#Events", "title": "1607 in Ireland", "revid": 1247388391, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1609, "year_label": "1609 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Protestant English and Presbyterian Scots settlers are imported directly by undertakers with the sanction of King James VI and I taking over forfeited estates of rebel leaders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247388411#Events", "title": "1609 in Ireland", "revid": 1247388411, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1620, "year_label": "1620 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "County Longford is planted by English and Scottish landowners, with much of the O'Farrell lands being confiscated and granted to new owners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1255078936#Events", "title": "1620 in Ireland", "revid": 1255078936, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1637, "year_label": "1637 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Scottish army officer Robert Monro publishes Monro, His Expedition With the Worthy Scots Regiment Called Mac-Keys in London, the first military history in English.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339166592#Date_unknown", "title": "1637", "revid": 1339166592, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – the title Viscount Boyne, in the province of Leinster, is created in the peerage of Ireland in favour of the Scottish military commander Gustavus Hamilton, 1st Baron Hamilton of Stackallan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348841013#Events", "title": "1717 in Ireland", "revid": 1348841013, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne resigns and is succeeded as Prime Minister by John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, the first Scottish Prime Minister of Great Britain; a large number of Newcastle's 'Old Corps Whig' followers are dismissed from public office in the following months in what is known facetiously as the \"Massacre of the Pelhamite Innocents\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276244439#Events", "title": "1762 in Great Britain", "revid": 1276244439, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Scottish judge James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, begins publication of Of the Origin and Progress of Language, a contribution to evolutionary ideas of the Enlightenment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#Date_unknown", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – Scottish economist Adam Smith publishes The Wealth of Nations in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#March–April", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "March 5", "text": "5 March – the Count de Belgioioso, bound from Liverpool to China, founders on the Kish Bank in Dublin Bay in a storm. On 2 June, Scottish diver Charles Spalding and his nephew Ebenezer Watson die in attempting to salvage the £150,000-worth of cargo from the ship using a diving bell of Spalding's design.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247385494#Events", "title": "1783 in Ireland", "revid": 1247385494, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China is incorporated in London by Scotsman James Wilson, under a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352708271#Date_unknown", "title": "1853", "revid": 1352708271, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – Scottish missionary explorer David Livingstone becomes the first European to see Victoria Falls, in modern-day Zambia–Zimbabwe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358982600#October–December", "title": "1855", "revid": 1358982600, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}