{"slug": "safavid-iran", "label": "Safavid Iran", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_Iran", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18234383", "qid": "Q18234383", "description": "historical empire that existed between 1501 and 1736", "entries": 26, "years": 24, "span": [1514, 1734], "span_label": ["1514 CE", "1734 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 18}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Safavid", "Safavid Empire", "Safavid Persia", "Safavid empire"], "related": [{"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "tahmasp-i", "label": "Tahmasp I", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "suleiman-the-magnificent", "label": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tabriz", "label": "Tabriz", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mughal-empire", "label": "Mughal Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "qazvin", "label": "Qazvin", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "basra", "label": "Basra", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "november", "label": "November", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "moscow", "label": "Moscow", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "abbas-the-great", "label": "Abbas the Great", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1514, "year_label": "1514 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – The Ottoman Army, commanded by the Sultan Selim I, arrives at Tabriz, capital of Safavid Iran and accepts the surrender of Shah Ismail.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369345340#July–September", "title": "1514", "revid": 1369345340, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1524, "year_label": "1524 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Tahmasp I becomes the ruler of the Safavid Empire, following the death of his father, Shah Ismail I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819061#April–June", "title": "1524", "revid": 1368819061, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – General Div Sultan Rumlu, the regent for the 13-year old Tahmasp I, the Safavid Shah of Iran, is assassinated and replaced by Chukha Sultan Tekali.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366980186#July–September", "title": "1527", "revid": 1366980186, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1548, "year_label": "1548 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Suleiman the Magnificent, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire begins an invasion of Safavid Iran that will last for almost two years before he abandons it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656469#April–June", "title": "1548", "revid": 1366656469, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1549, "year_label": "1549 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – Ottoman Empire Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent abandons his campaign against Safavid Iran after 21 months, during which he was unable to proceed further than Tabriz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482759#October–December", "title": "1549", "revid": 1362482759, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1555, "year_label": "1555 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – The Treaty of Amasya between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia concludes the Ottoman-Safavid War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561106#April–June", "title": "1555", "revid": 1369561106, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – In Qazvin, the Shah of Iran Tahmasp I, becomes enraged with the sexual orientation of his son Ismail II, and sends Ismail to Afghanistan to serve as the Iranian governor of Herat province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#April–June", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Tahmasp I, the Shah of Safavid Iran for almost 52 years, is accidentally poisoned after being treated by the palace physician, Abu Naser Gilani. Tahmasp's death is followed by a deadly struggle for control of Iran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#April–June", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – Ismail Mirza, who has proclaimed himself the Shah of Safavid Iran, marches into the capital at Qazvin and ascends the throne as Shah Ismail II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#July–September", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1580, "year_label": "1580 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 21", "text": "June 21 (8 Cemazi ul-evvel 988 AH) – England signs a commercial treaty with the Ottoman Empire, and Sultan Murad III sends a letter to Queen Elizabeth I informing her, \"Just as the merchants of Poland and France and Venice come and go, the merchants of your domain also shall bring wares to our Well-Protected Domains and take away wares.\" In return, Murad III is able to purchase English metals (iron, brass and tin) for his war with Iran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369376205#April–June", "title": "1580", "revid": 1369376205, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – The Treaty of Constantinople is signed between the Ottoman Empire (in modern-day Turkey) and the Safavid Empire (modern-day Iran), ending a 12-year war between the two nations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#January–March", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1599, "year_label": "1599 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November", "text": "November – Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602): A diplomatic delegation from Safavid Persia, led by Hossein Ali Beg Bayat and his staff after being dispatched by the Shah Abbas the Great, arrives in Moscow as part of a mission to enlist European nations into an alliance against the Ottoman Empire. The Persians are accompanied by English adventurer Anthony Shirley, who had persuaded Shah Abbas to undertake the initiative.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325746#October–December", "title": "1599", "revid": 1373325746, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1602, "year_label": "1602 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Safavid Empire of Persia and the Spanish Empire conclude a defensive alliance and declare war on the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351972919#Date_unknown", "title": "1602", "revid": 1351972919, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1604, "year_label": "1604 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – Ottoman–Safavid War: General Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha, commander of the eastern Ottoman Army, leads troops on a march from Constantinople to fight the Persia's Safavid Army in Armenia, but arrives too late to save the city of Yerevan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348862771#April–June", "title": "1604", "revid": 1348862771, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1612, "year_label": "1612 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – The Treaty of Nasuh Pasha is signed, between the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and the Safavid Empire (Iran), with the Ottomans ceding back land they had captured from the Safavids after 1555, in return for Safavid payment of 200 loads of silk.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366306597#October–December", "title": "1612", "revid": 1366306597, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – After 90 years of Ottoman occupation, Baghdad is recaptured by the Safavid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#January–March", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – Dutch–Portuguese War: The Battle of Hormuz, one of the largest naval battles ever fought in the Persian Gulf takes place in the Straits of Hormuz as fleets of the Dutch East India Company and the English East India Company defend Persia against an attack by ships from the colony of Portuguese India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#January–March", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – The Safavid Empire in Iran defeats an invasion from the Kingdom of Georgia in the Battle of Marabda with heavy losses on both sides, including the Georgian commander, Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani. when the Iranian Safavid army defeated a Georgian force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#July–September", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1639, "year_label": "1639 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Treaty of Zuhab is signed between the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire and Safavid Persia, delineating the modern Turkey-Iran and Iraq-Iran border lines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360051116#Date_unknown", "title": "1639", "revid": 1360051116, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1649, "year_label": "1649 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – The Mughal–Safavid War begins when Shah Abbas II of the Safavid Empire in Persia captures the Afghan city of Kandahar from the Mughal Empire of India after a six-week siege. The Mughals, led by Shah Jahan, fail to recapture Kandahar after three sieges in four years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367892628#January–March", "title": "1649", "revid": 1367892628, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1653, "year_label": "1653 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – In India, the third and final attempt by the Mughal Empire, to recapture the city of Kandahar from the Safavid Empire, ends in failure after almost six months despite the presence of 70,000 Mughal soldiers under the command of Prince Dara Shukoh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365981775#July–September", "title": "1653", "revid": 1365981775, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – Safavid occupation of Basra: Safavid government troops take control of Basra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#January–March", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1701, "year_label": "1701 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – Safavid troops retreat from Basra, ending a three-year occupation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366683505#January–June", "title": "1701", "revid": 1366683505, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1720, "year_label": "1720 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani is deposed from his position as Grand Vizier of Iran (at this time, part of the Safavid Empire) and tortured by Mohammadqoli Khan, the bodyguard of the Safavid Shah, Sultan Husayn.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358044251#October–December", "title": "1720", "revid": 1358044251, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1721, "year_label": "1721 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – The Sack of Shamakhi occurs, in the Persian Safavid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367153403#July_–September", "title": "1721", "revid": 1367153403, "section": "Events › July –September"}}, {"year": 1734, "year_label": "1734 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 3", "text": "3 November – As part of the Ottoman–Persian War, Safavid Iran started laying siege to the Ottoman city of Ganja.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311316587#Events", "title": "1734 in the Ottoman Empire", "revid": 1311316587, "section": "Events"}}]}