{"slug": "rouen", "label": "Rouen", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouen", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30974", "qid": "Q30974", "description": "commune in Seine-Maritime, France", "entries": 27, "years": 22, "span": [744, 1816], "span_label": ["744 CE", "1816 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "normandy", "label": "Normandy", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "duchy-of-normandy", "label": "Duchy of Normandy", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "joan-of-arc", "label": "Joan of Arc", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "seine", "label": "Seine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "west-francia", "label": "West Francia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hundred-years-war", "label": "Hundred Years' War", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-v-of-england", "label": "Henry V of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "william-the-conqueror", "label": "William the Conqueror", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "william-ii-of-england", "label": "William II of England", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 744, "year_label": "744 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "June – Pope Zachary gives his approval by sending Abel, Grimo and Hartbert their palliums for the metropolitan sees of Reims, Rouen and Sens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305046877#Religion", "title": "744", "revid": 1305046877, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 841, "year_label": "841 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Vikings sail up the River Seine and devastate the city of Rouen in Normandy. They burn the Benedictine monastery of Jumièges Abbey; 68 captives are taken, and returned on payment of a ransom, by the monks of St. Denis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360650312#Europe", "title": "841", "revid": 1360650312, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 845, "year_label": "845 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 or 29 (Easter) – Siege of Paris: Viking forces under the Norse chieftain Ragnar Lodbrok enter the River Seine, with a fleet of 120 longships (5,000 men). They pass through the city of Rouen and plunder the countryside. King Charles the Bald assembles an army and sends it to protect Paris, the capital of the West Frankish Kingdom. Ragnar routs the enemy forces, and hangs 111 of their prisoners in honour of Odin. Charles — to keep them from plundering his kingdom — pays a large tribute of 7,000 livres (pounds) of silver or gold, in exchange for their leaving. The Vikings also sack the cities of Hamburg and Melun.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342044538#Europe", "title": "845", "revid": 1342044538, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 931, "year_label": "931 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Rollo, duke of Normandy, dies at Rouen after an 11-year reign. He is the first leader of the Viking settlers to establish an independent dukedom (a vassal of the West Frankish Kingdom). His eldest son, William Longsword, becomes the second ruler of Normandy (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917472#Europe", "title": "931", "revid": 1364917472, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 991, "year_label": "991 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1: In Rouen, Pope John XV ratifies the first Truce of God, between Æthelred the Unready and Richard I of Normandy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261005#Events", "title": "991", "revid": 1365261005, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1070, "year_label": "1070 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Jews from Rouen in Normandy settle in England at the invitation of King William I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327891061#Events", "title": "1070", "revid": 1327891061, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1087, "year_label": "1087 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – William the Conqueror dies in Rouen after a fall from his horse. He is succeeded as king of England by his third son William II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365262622#England", "title": "1087", "revid": 1365262622, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1174, "year_label": "1174 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – French forces under King Louis VII, supported by Henry the Young King and Philip of Alsace, encircle Rouen. The city holds out against the war engines long enough for Henry II to arrive in the middle of August to stage a rescue. The besiegers are fearful that Henry will invade France and the siege is lifted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362171775#Europe", "title": "1174", "revid": 1362171775, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Philip II of France invades Normandy and attacks a number of castles in the surrounding region. In April, John, King of England loses the support of his French vassals who desert him. Philip enters Rouen, leading to the eventual Treaty of Paris (1259) and unification of Normandy and France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Europe", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1382, "year_label": "1382 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Troops commanded by the King of France and the Duke of Burgundy liberate Rouen from rebel control, without resistance, and all but 12 of the rebels are spared from execution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367364320#January–March", "title": "1382", "revid": 1367364320, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1419, "year_label": "1419 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, which brings Normandy under the control of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358545199#January–March", "title": "1419", "revid": 1358545199, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1419, "year_label": "1419 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 19", "text": "19 January - Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England bringing Normandy under his control during the Hundred Years War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371802457#Events", "title": "1419 in France", "revid": 1371802457, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1431, "year_label": "1431 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – Pretrial investigations for Joan of Arc begin at Rouen in France, which is under English occupation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361768961#January–March", "title": "1431", "revid": 1361768961, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1431, "year_label": "1431 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 21", "text": "21 February – The trial of Joan of Arc for heresy begins in Rouen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372152725#Events", "title": "1431 in France", "revid": 1372152725, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1431, "year_label": "1431 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake in Rouen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361768961#April–June", "title": "1431", "revid": 1361768961, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1449, "year_label": "1449 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – The French recapture Rouen from the English.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365251873#October–December", "title": "1449", "revid": 1365251873, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1449, "year_label": "1449 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – The French recapture Rouen from the English which the English captured in the 1418/1419 siege of Rouen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372955601#Events", "title": "1449 in France", "revid": 1372955601, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1469, "year_label": "1469 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – King Louis XI, having taken back the Duchy of Normandy from the control of his inept younger brother, Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry, pledges at Rouen that the Duchy will never be ceded again. In a ceremony before the Exchequer of Normandy, the Duchy's administrative court, King Louis places the ducal ring (symbolic of the office as a ring worn by the Duke) upon an anvil and the ring is smashed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365666063#October–December", "title": "1469", "revid": 1365666063, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1485, "year_label": "1485 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – King Charles VIII of France convenes a lit de justice, a special session of the Parlement de Paris at Rouen, confirms the Charter to the Normans, the French acknowledgment of the autonomy of the Duchy of Normandy within the Kingdom of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364736343#April–June", "title": "1485", "revid": 1364736343, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1508, "year_label": "1508 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – King Louis XII convenes court at the Parlement de Normandie building in Rouen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320572#October–December", "title": "1508", "revid": 1351320572, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – The Siege of Rouen as Claude, Duke of Aumale, leads 3,000 French government troops against the Huguenot fortress at Rouen. The siege lasts for five months. He orders a retreat in June but returns on 29 July with a larger force and heavier artillery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#April–June", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – Rouen is captured by Royalist forces under King Antoine of Navarre, who is mortally wounded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#October–December", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1588, "year_label": "1588 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – At Rouen, King Henry III of France gives in to the latest demands of the Catholic League and the Duke of Guise, and signs the Edict of Union, agreeing not to allow French Protestants to participate in government, in return for being able to return to Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362479687#July–September", "title": "1588", "revid": 1362479687, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1615, "year_label": "1615 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – The first Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365922608#April–June", "title": "1615", "revid": 1365922608, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17–19 – Quarrel between Diogo de Oliviera, alias Sindicario, a member of the Portuguese marrano community of Rouen, and Diego de Cisneros, a Spanish priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of León in Spain, over a request for a catholicity certificate. The case is brought before the courts and causes the dispersion of part of the Rouen marrano community, some finding refuge in Lille, Antwerp and London. The Spanish priests Cisneros and Juan Bautista de Villadiego, denounced as spies, as well as Oliviera, are arrested. The 36 marranos accused of crypto-Judaism are finally absolved on June 30 after an investigation by the King's Council and the promise to pay 250000 livres to the crown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737072#Events", "title": "1633 in France", "revid": 1353737072, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1639, "year_label": "1639 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Blaise Pascal's family move to Rouen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737126#Undated", "title": "1639 in France", "revid": 1353737126, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1816, "year_label": "1816 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Mutuelle de L'assurance contre L'incendie (\"L'Anciente Mutuelle\"), predecessor of Axa, the global insurance and financial services company, is founded in Rouen, France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363267979#Date_unknown", "title": "1816", "revid": 1363267979, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}