{"slug": "romani-people", "label": "Romani people", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8060", "qid": "Q8060", "description": "Indo-Aryan ethnic group", "entries": 14, "years": 11, "span": [1422, 2002], "span_label": ["1422 CE", "2002 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Roma people", "Romani (people)", "Romany people"], "related": [{"slug": "auschwitz-concentration-camp", "label": "Auschwitz concentration camp", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "paris", "label": "Paris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-scotland", "label": "Kingdom of Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jews", "label": "Jews", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bologna", "label": "Bologna", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "king-of-hungary", "label": "King of Hungary", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maria-theresa", "label": "Maria Theresa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "the-holocaust", "label": "The Holocaust", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-xi-of-sweden", "label": "Charles XI of Sweden", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1422, "year_label": "1422 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – In Italy, a group of about 100 Romani people, described as \"Gypsies\" arrive in Bologna with a stated intention of traveling to Rome to meet the Pope. Their leader, calling himself \"Duke Andrea\", shows to local officials a decree allegedly signed by the King of Hungary that is said to grant them the right to commit robberies \"without penalty or penance\" wherever they travel, as a reward for 4,000 gypsies being re-baptized into the Christian faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325155630#July–September", "title": "1422", "revid": 1325155630, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1427, "year_label": "1427 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – The first band of Gypsies visits Paris, according to an account of the citizens of Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365937201#July–September", "title": "1427", "revid": 1365937201, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1531, "year_label": "1531 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – King Henry VIII gives royal assent to numerous acts at the close of the session of the English Parliament, including the Poisoning Act 1530 (providing for boiling to death people convicted of poisioning other persons); the Vagabonds Act 1530 (permitting licensed begging by certified disabled and elderly people); the Egyptians Act 1530 to allow the expulsion of gypsies; and the Bridges Act 1530 for maintenance of bridges.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359939156#January–March", "title": "1531", "revid": 1359939156, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1609, "year_label": "1609 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "\"Egyptians\" (i.e., Romany people) are expelled from the Kingdom of Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365588617#Date_unknown", "title": "1609", "revid": 1365588617, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1637, "year_label": "1637 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The first regulation of the Romani, Placat om Tatrarnes fördrifvande av landet, declares all Romani expelled from Sweden: all adult men are sentenced to death while women and children are to be hunted over the borders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363059208#Events", "title": "1637 in Sweden", "revid": 1363059208, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1675, "year_label": "1675 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Law on the right to draft Romani males to military service.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371295759#Events", "title": "1675 in Sweden", "revid": 1371295759, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Establishment of the 1686 års kyrkolag (1686 Church Law), which confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state: all non-Lutherans are banned from immigration unless the convert to Lutheranism; the Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes is forced by law to learn the children within it to read and write in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338274095#Events", "title": "1686 in Sweden", "revid": 1338274095, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – Sweden's Council of State endorses the reforms proposed by King Charles XI for the Swedish Church Law 1686, after having debated it in three sessions on February 18, 19 and 20. The law confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state; all non-Lutherans are banned from immigration unless they convert to Lutheranism; the Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write, in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368502958#January–March", "title": "1686", "revid": 1368502958, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – The Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, in her capacity as Queen of Hungary, issues an edict against the Romani people (commonly called the \"gypsies\"), prohibiting them from marrying and calling for gypsy children to be taken away by the government so that they can be brought up by Christian families, a proclamation that \"produced little or no effect in comparison with the trouble involved\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#October_–December", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – Porajmos: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies be put \"on the same level as Jews and placed in Nazi concentration camps\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#November", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 15", "text": "15 November – Porajmos: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies and \"part-Gypsies\" be put \"on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373073497#Events", "title": "1943 in Germany", "revid": 1373073497, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – The Holocaust/Porajmos: 800 Romani children are systematically murdered at the Auschwitz concentration camp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#October", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 10", "text": "10 October — Holocaust: Porajmos: 800 Romani children are systematically murdered at the Auschwitz death camp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372594400#Events", "title": "1944 in Germany", "revid": 1372594400, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2002, "year_label": "2002 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February", "text": "The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimated that 55,000 people at one Spinboldak camp were Kochi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372652183#February", "title": "2002 in Afghanistan", "revid": 1372652183, "section": "February"}}]}