{"slug": "richard-of-york-3rd-duke-of-york", "label": "Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York%2C_3rd_Duke_of_York", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312137", "qid": "Q312137", "description": "Duke of York (1411-1461)", "entries": 30, "years": 15, "span": [1411, 1478], "span_label": ["1411 CE", "1478 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York", "Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York", "Richard of York", "Richard, 3rd Duke of York", "Richard, Duke of York"], "related": [{"slug": "henry-vi-of-england", "label": "Henry VI of England", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "lord-lieutenant-of-ireland", "label": "Lord Lieutenant of Ireland", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "wars-of-the-roses", "label": "Wars of the Roses", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "edward-iv", "label": "Edward IV", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "richard-neville-16th-earl-of-warwick", "label": "Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hundred-years-war", "label": "Hundred Years' War", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "normandy", "label": "Normandy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lord-protector", "label": "Lord Protector", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sandwich-kent", "label": "Sandwich, Kent", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1411, "year_label": "1411 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Richard of York, lieutenant of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278134516#Births", "title": "1411 in Ireland", "revid": 1278134516, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1411, "year_label": "1411 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, claimant to the English throne (d. 1460)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354941251#Births", "title": "1411", "revid": 1354941251, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1440, "year_label": "1440 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 2", "text": "2 July – Richard, Duke of York is appointed as commander of English forces in France for the second time", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372153449#Events", "title": "1440 in France", "revid": 1372153449, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1441, "year_label": "1441 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June - Richard, Duke of York arrives in Normandy following his appointment as English commander in the Hundred Years War", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372955204#Events", "title": "1441 in France", "revid": 1372955204, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1443, "year_label": "1443 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – The Duke of York, Richard Plantagenet, signs a treaty with Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy for an indefinite truce between the Kingdom of England and the Duchy of Burgundy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349474708#April–June", "title": "1443", "revid": 1349474708, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1445, "year_label": "1445 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – In Normandy, Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York of England's House of Plantagenet, completes his five-year term as Lieutenant-general of British-occupied France and Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset takes his place. He returns to England on October 20.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372937#July–September", "title": "1445", "revid": 1370372937, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1445, "year_label": "1445 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 20", "text": "20 October - Richard, Duke of York returns to England after five years as the English commander in France during the Hundred Years War", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372955365#Events", "title": "1445 in France", "revid": 1372955365, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1447, "year_label": "1447 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, uncle and heir apparent of King Henry VI of England, is arrested on a charge of treason. He dies from a stroke three days later while imprisoned at Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk Richard of York becomes next in line for the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359486325#January–March", "title": "1447", "revid": 1359486325, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1447, "year_label": "1447 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 9", "text": "9 December – Richard, Duke of York is appointed as the King's representative in Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353713890#Events", "title": "1447 in England", "revid": 1353713890, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1448, "year_label": "1448 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset is appointed as commander in occupied France replacing Richard, Duke of York.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372955569#Date_unknown", "title": "1448 in France", "revid": 1372955569, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1449, "year_label": "1449 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Richard Duke of York arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, leading to the submission of many Irish chiefs and English rebels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1264633284#Events", "title": "1449 in Ireland", "revid": 1264633284, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1449, "year_label": "1449 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "October 21", "text": "21 October – George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, third son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (d. 1478)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1264633284#Births", "title": "1449 in Ireland", "revid": 1264633284, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1450, "year_label": "1450 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Richard Duke of York, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, returns to England, following the submission of many Irish chiefs and English rebels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1264629898#Events", "title": "1450 in Ireland", "revid": 1264629898, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1454, "year_label": "1454 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, becomes Protector for King Henry VI of England, who is in a catatonic state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367365323#January–March", "title": "1454", "revid": 1367365323, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1455, "year_label": "1455 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – The Wars of the Roses begin in England at the Battle of St Albans, as Richard, Duke of York, captures King Henry VI as a prisoner of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371446040#April–June", "title": "1455", "revid": 1371446040, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1455, "year_label": "1455 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 22", "text": "22 May – Richard, Duke of York defeats the army of Henry VI at the First Battle of St Albans. Henry is captured, marking the beginning of the Wars of the Roses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353735880#Events", "title": "1455 in England", "revid": 1353735880, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1456, "year_label": "1456 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 25", "text": "25 February – Richard, Duke of York is dismissed as Lord Protector, effectively regent for the King, for the second time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353735894#Events", "title": "1456 in England", "revid": 1353735894, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1456, "year_label": "1456 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – As King Henry VI of England recovers from a three-month bout with mental illness, Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York steps down as Protector of the Realm and the King resumes his duties. The Duke of York had served as regent since November 19, and had previously been Lord Protector for 10 months during 1454 and 1455.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371442849#January–March", "title": "1456", "revid": 1371442849, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1459, "year_label": "1459 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Irish Parliament, meeting at Drogheda, upholds Richard Duke of York's authority against Henry VI and an English Act of Attainder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247430464#Events", "title": "1459 in Ireland", "revid": 1247430464, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1459, "year_label": "1459 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Richard, Duke of York, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, returns on a second visit to Ireland. The Irish Parliament, meeting at Drogheda, upholds his authority against Henry VI of England, and an English Act of Attainder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366548241#Date_unknown", "title": "1459", "revid": 1366548241, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1459, "year_label": "1459 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Richard Duke of York, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, returns on a second visit to Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247430464#Events", "title": "1459 in Ireland", "revid": 1247430464, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1459, "year_label": "1459 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Wars of the Roses: With a royal force advancing on his fortress at Ludlow, Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, flees to Ireland, while his ally Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (Warwick the Kingmaker, eldest son of the Earl of Salisbury) goes to Calais.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366548241#October–December", "title": "1459", "revid": 1366548241, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1459, "year_label": "1459 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – England's \"Parliament of Devils\" is dissolved after accomplishhing its purpose of passing bills of attainder for high treason, indictments of Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York and other Yorkist supporters in the War of the Roses. Other prominent Yorkists charged are Edward, Earl of March (the future King Edward IV), Edmund, Earl of Rutland, Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, and his son, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366548241#October–December", "title": "1459", "revid": 1366548241, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Richard Duke of York, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, returns to England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318941907#Events", "title": "1460 in Ireland", "revid": 1318941907, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Wars of the Roses: Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and Edward, Earl of March (eldest son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York) land in England at Sandwich, Kent with an army, and march on London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#April–June", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – Richard, Duke of York enters the Council Chamber, places his hand upon the throne, and announces that he is the rightful King of England. He then takes up residence at the royal palace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#October–December", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – The Act of Accord, passed by the Parliament of England, is given royal assent by King Henry VI as a compromise to end the War of the Roses between King Henry's supporters (the Lancastrians) and the supporters of Richard of York (the Yorkists). Under the law, King Henry is permitted to rule England for the rest of his life, but his son, Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales is removed from the right of succession and Richard of York and his descendants are granted the right to rule upon King Henry's death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#October–December", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, claimant to the English throne (in battle) (b. 1411)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#Deaths", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Wars of the Roses – Richard of York, set to be the next King of England, is killed along with his son, Edmund, Earl of Rutland, at the Battle of Wakefield as a Lancastrian army under Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland decisively defeats the Yorkists. York's son Edward becomes leader of the Yorkist faction and the heir to the English throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#October–December", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1478, "year_label": "1478 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 18", "text": "18 February – George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, third son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (born 1449).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247430319#Deaths", "title": "1478 in Ireland", "revid": 1247430319, "section": "Deaths"}}]}