{"slug": "quran", "label": "Quran", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428", "qid": "Q428", "description": "foundational Islamic religious text", "entries": 9, "years": 9, "span": [610, 2003], "span_label": ["610 CE", "2003 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Koran", "Qur'an"], "related": [{"slug": "islam", "label": "Islam", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "muslims", "label": "Muslims", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "zoroastrianism", "label": "Zoroastrianism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "arabic", "label": "Arabic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "muhammad", "label": "Muhammad", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "saudi-arabia", "label": "Saudi Arabia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mecca", "label": "Mecca", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prophets-and-messengers-in-islam", "label": "Prophets and messengers in Islam", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "latin", "label": "Latin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "english-language", "label": "English language", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 610, "year_label": "610 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad, Islamic prophet, begins at 40 years old to preach a religion which will be called Islam. According to Islamic teachings, the angel Gabriel appears to him in a cave on Mount Hira near Mecca (Saudi Arabia) and calls him: \"The Prophet of Allah\". Muhammad gathers followers, reciting to them the first verses of Qur'an(Iqra), thus beginning the revelation of the Qur'an.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795500#Religion", "title": "610", "revid": 1368795500, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 628, "year_label": "628 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad's letters to world leaders explain the principles of the new monotheistic Muslim faith, as they will be contained in his book, the Quran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803502#Religion", "title": "628", "revid": 1340803502, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 637, "year_label": "637 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Muslims replace Zoroastrianism with Islam in Mesopotamia (later Iraq); they do not force their conquered subjects to embrace the Islamic faith, but they do require acceptance of the Quran as the doctrine of divine teaching, and will oblige their subjects to learn Arabic (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315736944#Religion", "title": "637", "revid": 1315736944, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 651, "year_label": "651 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Quran is compiled by Caliph Uthman ibn Affan in its modern-day form. The text becomes the model from which copies are made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Arab world.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804418#Arabian_Caliphate", "title": "651", "revid": 1340804418, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Caliphate"}}, {"year": 1143, "year_label": "1143 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Robert of Ketton makes the first European translation of the Qur'an for Peter the Venerable, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete, into Latin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337864253#Literature", "title": "1143", "revid": 1337864253, "section": "Events › By topic › Literature"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Akbar issues a mazhar signed by the leading ulamas, putting himself as the highest religious authority, allowing him to interpret the Quran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#Date_unknown", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1734, "year_label": "1734 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "George Sale produces a translation of the Koran into English.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295944567#Undated", "title": "1734 in Great Britain", "revid": 1295944567, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 15", "text": "15 April: The Temple Mount Faithful organise a march on the Temple Mount and the Al-Aqsa mosque compound, leading to a standoff between the group and Palestinians protestors. The same day, a settler in Kiryat Arba shoots and injures a Palesetinian student from Hebron University after an argument broke out between the two and the settler mistook a Quran the student was holding for a grenade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366990995#April", "title": "1987 in Palestine", "revid": 1366990995, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "The Afghan Information Ministry shut down the weekly publication Aftab because it questioned Islam and the Qur'an in an article titled \"Holy Fascism.\" The article said there had been no progress in the Islamic world for 1,400 years. Copies of Aftab were confiscated and its chief editor Sayed Mahdawi and his deputy Ali Riza Payam were arrested.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354277794#June", "title": "2003 in Afghanistan", "revid": 1354277794, "section": "Events › June"}}]}