{"slug": "queen-victoria", "label": "Queen Victoria", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9439", "qid": "Q9439", "description": "Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901 (1819-1901)", "entries": 85, "years": 45, "span": [1786, 1939], "span_label": ["1786 CE", "1939 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 23}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 17}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 14}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 8}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Births", "count": 5}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Victoria of the United Kingdom", "William Hamilton (criminal)"], "related": [{"slug": "prince-albert-of-saxe-coburg-and-gotha", "label": "Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "emperor-of-india", "label": "Emperor of India", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "ottawa", "label": "Ottawa", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "british-empire", "label": "British Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "great-famine-ireland", "label": "Great Famine (Ireland)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-kingdom", "label": "United Kingdom", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "new-south-wales", "label": "New South Wales", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "prince-of-wales", "label": "Prince of Wales", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "william-iv", "label": "William IV", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "royal-charter", "label": "Royal charter", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1786, "year_label": "1786 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, mother of Queen Victoria (d. 1861)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370552329#Births", "title": "1786", "revid": 1370552329, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (d. 1901)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355822452#January–June", "title": "1819", "revid": 1355822452, "section": "Births › January–June"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Consort to Queen Victoria (d. 1861)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355822452#July–December", "title": "1819", "revid": 1355822452, "section": "Births › July–December"}}, {"year": 1820, "year_label": "1820 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, member of British Royal Family and father of Queen Victoria (b. 1767)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795492#January–June", "title": "1820", "revid": 1368795492, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1821, "year_label": "1821 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 27", "text": "27 June – The Philosophical Society of Australasia is established. It would be renamed as the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1866 at the request of Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374054454#Events", "title": "1821 in Australia", "revid": 1374054454, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1837, "year_label": "1837 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – Queen Victoria, 18, accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom, on the death of her uncle King William IV without legitimate heirs (she will reign for more than 63 years). Under Salic law, the Kingdom of Hanover passes to William's brother, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, ending the personal union of Britain and Hanover which has persisted since 1714.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360323585#April–June", "title": "1837", "revid": 1360323585, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1837, "year_label": "1837 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – Queen Victoria, 18, accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom, on the death of her uncle William IV without legitimate heirs (she will reign for more than 63 years). Under Salic law, the Kingdom of Hanover passes to William's brother, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, ending the personal union of Britain and Hanover which has persisted since 1714.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331898431#Events", "title": "1837 in Germany", "revid": 1331898431, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1837, "year_label": "1837 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – Queen Victoria moves from Kensington Palace into Buckingham Palace, the first reigning British monarch to make this, rather than St James's Palace, as her London home.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360323585#July–September", "title": "1837", "revid": 1360323585, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Daoguang Emperor appointed scholar-official Lin Zexu to the post of Special Imperial Commissioner with the task of eradicating the opium trade. He bans the trade of opium and writes a letter to Queen Victoria asking her to stop the illegal importation of opium", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243749102#Events", "title": "1839 in China", "revid": 1243749102, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7–11 – The Bedchamber Crisis in the United Kingdom: Following the announcement by Prime Minister Lord Melbourne that he intends to resign, Robert Peel asks (for political reasons) that Queen Victoria dismiss some of her personal attendants, Ladies of the Bedchamber, as a condition for his forming a government. Victoria refuses to accept the condition and Melbourne is persuaded to stay on as Prime Minister.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360384794#April–June", "title": "1839", "revid": 1360384794, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom marries her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#January–March", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 — Queen Victoria and Prince Albert are shot at.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349956783#Events", "title": "1840 in Canada", "revid": 1349956783, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – Queen's University is founded in Kingston, Ontario, by Rev. Thomas Liddell, who carries a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria, and becomes the school's first principal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360265400#October–December", "title": "1841", "revid": 1360265400, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 8", "text": "8 December - The month-old Albert Edward, eldest son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, is created Prince of Wales by letters patent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355823729#Events", "title": "1841 in Wales", "revid": 1355823729, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1842, "year_label": "1842 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 13", "text": "June 13 – Queen Victoria becomes the first reigning British monarch to travel by train, on the Great Western Railway between Slough and London Paddington station.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365455258#April–June", "title": "1842", "revid": 1365455258, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1842, "year_label": "1842 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 13", "text": "13 June – Queen Victoria makes the first train journey by a reigning British monarch, on the Great Western Railway (Slough to Paddington).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342718689#Events", "title": "1842 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1342718689, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1842, "year_label": "1842 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 1", "text": "1 September – Queen Victoria arrives by sea at Granton, Edinburgh, to start her first visit to Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739585#Events", "title": "1842 in Scotland", "revid": 1353739585, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, third child of Queen Victoria (d. 1878)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#April", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Births › April"}}, {"year": 1845, "year_label": "1845 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March", "text": "March — Thomas Brigstocke exhibits his painting of General Nott before Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326717113#Visual_arts", "title": "1845 in Wales", "revid": 1326717113, "section": "Arts and literature › Visual arts"}}, {"year": 1845, "year_label": "1845 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 5", "text": "5 December – unable to persuade his Cabinet to repeal the Corn Laws in the face of the Great Famine, Peel tenders his resignation as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to Queen Victoria but is reinstated days later when Lord John Russell is unable to form a government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322330889#Events", "title": "1845 in Ireland", "revid": 1322330889, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1846, "year_label": "1846 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – The First Anglo-Sikh war ends with the signing of the Treaty of Lahore. Kashmir is ceded to the British East India Company, and the Koh-i-Noor diamond is surrendered to Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342482#January–March", "title": "1846", "revid": 1368342482, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1847, "year_label": "1847 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Ongoing – Great Famine. This summer's potato crop is free from blight, but inadequate due to small area sown. The British Relief Association is founded and raises money throughout England, the United States and Australia, with the help of the \"Queen's Letters\", two letters from Queen Victoria appealing for money to relieve the distress in Ireland. A group of Native American Choctaw is among those contributing to the relief effort. The Central Relief Committee of the Society of Friends (Quakers) also assists, but there are claims of \"Souperism\" (the provision of food in combination with proselytization) by other Protestant sectarian groups.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360407146#Events", "title": "1847 in Ireland", "revid": 1360407146, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1847, "year_label": "1847 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Ongoing – Great Famine (Ireland): this summer's potato crop is free from blight, but inadequate due to the small area sown. The British Relief Association is founded and raises money throughout England, the United States and Australia to relieve distress, with the help of the \"Queen's Letters\", two letters from Queen Victoria appealing for assistance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367176446#Undated", "title": "1847 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1367176446, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 23", "text": "23 April — A mass meeting is held in Cape Town to petition Queen Victoria to grant the Cape Colony a government", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184146#Events", "title": "1850 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184146, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "June 27", "text": "27 June – Eccentric Robert Pate physically assaults Queen Victoria with his cane in Piccadilly (London).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365774110#Events", "title": "1850 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1365774110, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1851, "year_label": "1851 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London is opened by Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#April–June", "title": "1851", "revid": 1358777790, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 12", "text": "12 February – State visit of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert to Belgium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371846187#Events", "title": "1852 in Belgium", "revid": 1371846187, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China is incorporated in London by Scotsman James Wilson, under a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352708271#Date_unknown", "title": "1853", "revid": 1352708271, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – Prince Leopold, the youngest son and the eighth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, is born in Buckingham Palace; he has inherited haemophilia. During the labour, Victoria chooses to use chloroform, thereby encouraging the use of anesthesia in childbirth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352708271#April–June", "title": "1853", "revid": 1352708271, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – In Australia, the province of Victoria (named for then reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria) to the southeast is separated administratively from the earlier larger province of New South Wales to the north.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358982600#April–June", "title": "1855", "revid": 1358982600, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, with Prince Albert, begins a 10-day state visit to Paris, the first visit of a reigning British monarch to France since 1413. While there, she visits the Exposition Universelle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358982600#July–September", "title": "1855", "revid": 1358982600, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 8", "text": "8 September – Queen Victoria signs an Order in Council to change the name of Van Diemen's Land to Tasmania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241088917#Events", "title": "1855 in Australia", "revid": 1241088917, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 29", "text": "January 29 – Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross as a British military decoration.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#January–March", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom gives Norfolk Island to the population of the colony at Pitcairn Island, most being descendants of the Mutiny on the Bounty. They first settle on Norfolk Island on June 8. Women's suffrage, as practiced on Pitcairn, is extended to Norfolk Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#April–June", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 8", "text": "8 June – Pitcairn Islanders arrived on Norfolk Island; the last convict had left and the island was no longer a penal colony. Queen Victoria granted the island to the Pitcairners as a home. Bounty Day is celebrated each year in Norfolk Island to commemorate the event.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241088924#Exploration_and_settlement", "title": "1856 in Australia", "revid": 1241088924, "section": "Exploration and settlement"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 23", "text": "23 September – The town of Perth, Western Australia, is proclaimed a City by letters patent from Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241088924#Events", "title": "1856 in Australia", "revid": 1241088924, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Princess Beatrice, the fifth daughter and the youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, is born.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#April–June", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, youngest child of Queen Victoria (d. 1944)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#April–June", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Births › April–June"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – The Victoria and Albert Museum in London is officially opened by Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#April–June", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – At a ceremony in London, Queen Victoria awards the first 66 Victoria Crosses to British troops, for actions during the Crimean War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#April–June", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 31", "text": "December 31 – Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa as the capital of Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#October–December", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 31", "text": "December 31 - Queen Victoria names Ottawa as capital of the Province of Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349957454#Events", "title": "1857 in Canada", "revid": 1349957454, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1858, "year_label": "1858 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Queen Victoria announces her choice of Ottawa as capital of the Province of Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371625769#January–March", "title": "1858", "revid": 1371625769, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1858, "year_label": "1858 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – The Wedding March by Felix Mendelssohn becomes a popular wedding recessional, after it is played on this day at the marriage of Queen Victoria's daughter Victoria, Princess Royal, to Prince Friedrich of Prussia in St James's Palace, London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371625769#January–March", "title": "1858", "revid": 1371625769, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1858, "year_label": "1858 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – U.S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new trans-Atlantic telegraph cable, by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria. However, a weak signal forces a shutdown of the service in a few weeks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371625769#July–September", "title": "1858", "revid": 1371625769, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1858, "year_label": "1858 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – U.S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new trans-Atlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria. However, a weak signal forces a shutdown of the service on September 1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371126560#Events", "title": "1858 in the United States", "revid": 1371126560, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 6", "text": "6 June – The colony of Queensland is established by decree of Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310479539#Events", "title": "1859 in Australia", "revid": 1310479539, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a \"proclamation of neutrality\", which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#May", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria (b. 1819)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#July–December", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Princess Alice, the second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Ludwig of Hesse and by Rhine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#July", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – Queen Victoria issues Letters Patent granting Goulburn city status, making it Australia's first inland city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#March", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 14", "text": "14 March – Queen Victoria issues Letters Patent granting Goulburn, New South Wales city status, making it Australia's first inland city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241088852#Events", "title": "1863 in Australia", "revid": 1241088852, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Queen Victoria issues Letters Patent, annexing to South Australia the part of the colony of New South Wales that will later become the Northern Territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#July", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1866, "year_label": "1866 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – Princess Helena, third daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829327#July", "title": "1866", "revid": 1368829327, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1867, "year_label": "1867 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Royal Irish Constabulary granted its \"Royal\" prefix by Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247384285#Events", "title": "1867 in Ireland", "revid": 1247384285, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1867, "year_label": "1867 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – Canadian Confederation: Queen Victoria signs the British North America Act, creating the Dominion of Canada, effective July 1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365231456#May", "title": "1867", "revid": 1365231456, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 12", "text": "12 March – Henry James O'Farrell fires a revolver into the back of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (second son of Queen Victoria) while the latter is picnicking in the beachfront suburb of Clontarf. It was Australia's first attempted political assassination. O'Farrell first claimed that he was acting under instruction from Melbourne Fenians but later retracted the claims. He had problems with alcoholism and mental illness.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241088877#Events", "title": "1868 in Australia", "revid": 1241088877, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1869, "year_label": "1869 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – The Irish Church Act 1869 is given royal assent by Queen Victoria, disestablishing the Church of Ireland effective January 1, 1871.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360511845#July", "title": "1869", "revid": 1360511845, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 22", "text": "22 March – A state flag of Queensland is adopted, with a portrait of Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360519044#Events", "title": "1870 in Australia", "revid": 1360519044, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – The Royal Albert Hall in London is opened by Queen Victoria; it incorporates a grand organ by Henry Willis & Sons, the world's largest at this time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#January–March", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1874, "year_label": "1874 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, marries Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Tsar Alexander II of Russia, in the Grand Church of the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371979117#January", "title": "1874", "revid": 1371979117, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Queen Victoria is proclaimed \"Empress of India\" and transfers powers from East India Company to the British Crown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289173100#Events", "title": "1876 in India", "revid": 1289173100, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – The Royal Titles Act 1876 in the UK Parliament confers the title 'Empress of India' upon Queen Victoria from 1877.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#May", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1877, "year_label": "1877 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Celebrations in darbars are held in India now that Queen Victoria is Empress of India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241472119#Events", "title": "1877 in India", "revid": 1241472119, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1877, "year_label": "1877 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act 1876, introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the prime minister of the United Kingdom .", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370239819#January", "title": "1877", "revid": 1370239819, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – Roderick Maclean fails in an attempt to assassinate Queen Victoria, at Windsor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360586433#March", "title": "1882", "revid": 1360586433, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 2", "text": "2 March – Roderick Maclean fails in an attempt to assassinate Queen Victoria at Windsor, Berkshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353740048#Events", "title": "1882 in Scotland", "revid": 1353740048, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 2", "text": "2 March – Roderick Maclean fails in an attempt to assassinate Queen Victoria outside Windsor railway station, the last attempt on her life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309237615#Events", "title": "1882 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1309237615, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – Selwyn College, Cambridge, is founded after Queen Victoria grants a Charter of Incorporation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360586433#September", "title": "1882", "revid": 1360586433, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1884, "year_label": "1884 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – Prince Leopold, the youngest son and eighth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, dies, aged 30 in Cannes (France) following a fall complicated by his haemophilia. His son, Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, is born nearly 4 months later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364372487#March", "title": "1884", "revid": 1364372487, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1884, "year_label": "1884 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, youngest son of Queen Victoria (b. 1853)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364372487#January–June", "title": "1884", "revid": 1364372487, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1886, "year_label": "1886 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Queen Victoria grants the Cocos (Keeling) Islands to the Clunies Ross family.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364341223#Undated", "title": "1886 in Australia", "revid": 1364341223, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1886, "year_label": "1886 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – The Royal Holloway College for women is opened by Queen Victoria, near London, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679431#June", "title": "1886", "revid": 1372679431, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1887, "year_label": "1887 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June", "text": "The Stellenbosch Gymnasium, later to become the Stellenbosch University, changes its name to Victoria College, after Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323970188", "title": "1887 in South Africa", "revid": 1323970188, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1887, "year_label": "1887 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – The British Empire celebrates Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee, marking the 50th year of her reign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363052310#June", "title": "1887", "revid": 1363052310, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1892, "year_label": "1892 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – Ernest Louis, a grandson of Queen Victoria, becomes Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine on the death of his father, Grand Duke Louis IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372569087#March", "title": "1892", "revid": 1372569087, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1892, "year_label": "1892 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – Liberian freed slave Martha Ann Ricks meets Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372569087#July", "title": "1892", "revid": 1372569087, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – The Manchester Ship Canal and Docks are officially opened by Queen Victoria, linking the previously landlocked industrial city of Manchester, in north-west England, to the Irish Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369810485#May", "title": "1894", "revid": 1369810485, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest-reigning monarch in British history up to this time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364785538#September", "title": "1896", "revid": 1364785538, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1897, "year_label": "1897 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – The British Empire celebrates Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, marking the 60th year of her reign. No other British monarch will celebrate such a jubilee until Victoria's great-great-granddaughter Elizabeth II in 2012.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362850810#June", "title": "1897", "revid": 1362850810, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 1", "text": "1 January – The Constitution of Australia comes into force, as the federation of Australia is complete. John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun appoints Edmund Barton as the first Prime Minister following the Hopetoun blunder of 1900. Hopetoun had himself been commissioned as the first Governor-General of Australia by Queen Victoria in letters patent dated 29 October 1900 prior to the Constitution coming into force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366423536#Events", "title": "1901 in Australia", "revid": 1366423536, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom dies at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. She is 81 years old and, having ruled for nearly 64 years, will be the second longest-reigning monarch in British history. Her eldest son, Prince Albert Edward, \"Bertie\", the longest-serving Prince of Wales to this time, succeeds his mother at the age of 59, reigning as King Edward VII, of the United Kingdom and in innovation the British Dominions and also becoming Emperor of India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#January", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, Empress of India (b. 1819)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#January–February", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Deaths › January–February"}}, {"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, third daughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1846)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367772921#June", "title": "1923", "revid": 1367772921, "section": "Deaths › June"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, second youngest daughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1848)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#December", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Deaths › December"}}]}