{"slug": "quakers", "label": "Quakers", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quakers", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170208", "qid": "Q170208", "description": "Christian denominational family (1652–)", "entries": 26, "years": 23, "span": [1624, 1847], "span_label": ["1624 CE", "1847 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Quaker", "Religious Society of Friends", "Society of Friends"], "related": [{"slug": "william-penn", "label": "William Penn", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "dublin", "label": "Dublin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "protestantism", "label": "Protestantism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "australia", "label": "Australia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "queen-victoria", "label": "Queen Victoria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "native-americans-in-the-united-states", "label": "Native Americans in the United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "great-famine-ireland", "label": "Great Famine (Ireland)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "choctaw", "label": "Choctaw", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "july", "label": "July", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "january", "label": "January", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "July", "text": "July – George Fox, English founder of the Quakers (d. 1691)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#July–September", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Births › July–September"}}, {"year": 1648, "year_label": "1648 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "George Fox founds the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346163846#Date_unknown", "title": "1648", "revid": 1346163846, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1648, "year_label": "1648 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – a Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) begins to form around George Fox.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354833654#Events", "title": "1648 in England", "revid": 1354833654, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1650, "year_label": "1650 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 30", "text": "30 October – the Religious Society of Friends acquires the nickname \"Quakers\" when the judge at George Fox's blasphemy trial says that they \"tremble at the word of the Lord\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737244#Events", "title": "1650 in England", "revid": 1353737244, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1652, "year_label": "1652 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 13", "text": "June 13 – George Fox preaches to a large crowd on Firbank Fell in England, leading to the establishment of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367149733#April–June", "title": "1652", "revid": 1367149733, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1652, "year_label": "1652 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 13", "text": "13 June – George Fox preaches to a large crowd on Firbank Fell in Westmorland, leading to the establishment of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737259#Events", "title": "1652 in England", "revid": 1353737259, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1654, "year_label": "1654 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "William Edmondson establishes what is probably the first Quaker Meeting in Ireland at his house in Lurgan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292732180#Events", "title": "1654 in Ireland", "revid": 1292732180, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1656, "year_label": "1656 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Cromwellian soldier William Morris becomes a Quaker, founding a meeting at Belturbet, County Cavan, before returning to his home at Castle Salem, Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1312281556#Events", "title": "1656 in Ireland", "revid": 1312281556, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1656, "year_label": "1656 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 24", "text": "24 October – Quaker James Nayler re-enacts the arrival of Jesus in Jerusalem at Bristol, for which he is arrested for blasphemy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360060788#Events", "title": "1656 in England", "revid": 1360060788, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1657, "year_label": "1657 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – The first eleven Quaker settlers arrive in New Amsterdam (later New York City), and are allowed to practice their faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656979#April–June", "title": "1657", "revid": 1366656979, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "William Penn attends meetings of the Quakers in Cork, marking his conversion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247387459#Events", "title": "1667 in Ireland", "revid": 1247387459, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1669, "year_label": "1669 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May", "text": "May–August – George Fox, founder of the Quakers, visits Ireland. William Penn also returns to Ireland this year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247387478#Events", "title": "1669 in Ireland", "revid": 1247387478, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1670, "year_label": "1670 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February", "text": "February–April – William Penn visits the Quaker William Morris at Castle Salem, Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351866811#Events", "title": "1670 in Ireland", "revid": 1351866811, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 19", "text": "September 19 – the Quaker William Bates and a small group of emigrants depart from Dublin aboard Ye Owners Adventure to settle in British America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359486946#Events", "title": "1681 in Ireland", "revid": 1359486946, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 (Julian calendar) – The Germantown Quaker Protest Against Slavery is drafted by four Germantown Quakers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373154069#April–June", "title": "1688", "revid": 1373154069, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1691, "year_label": "1691 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 13", "text": "13 January – George Fox, founder of the Quakers (born 1624)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737690#Deaths", "title": "1691 in England", "revid": 1353737690, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Quakers Act (\"An Act that the Solemne Affirmation & Declaration of the People called Quakers shall be accepted instead of an Oath in the usual Forme\") permits Quakers (who conscientiously object to taking an oath) to substitute an affirmation in certain legal proceedings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737755#Undated", "title": "1695 in England", "revid": 1353737755, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1711, "year_label": "1711 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January", "text": "January – Cary's Rebellion: The Lords Proprietor appoint Edward Hyde to replace Thomas Cary, as the governor of the North Carolina portion of the Province of Carolina. Hyde's policies are deemed hostile to Quaker interests, leading former governor Cary and his Quaker allies to take up arms against the province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364260988#January–March", "title": "1711", "revid": 1364260988, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1720, "year_label": "1720 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 21", "text": "21 August - Elisha Beadles sends an account of the progress of the Quaker movement in South Wales to London for consideration by the \"Meeting for Sufferings\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291455997#Events", "title": "1720 in Wales", "revid": 1291455997, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1747, "year_label": "1747 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 7", "text": "December 7 – Benjamin Franklin forms the Pennsylvania Associators, the first militia in the colony of Pennsylvania, which had no standing militia because of its foundation by pacifistic Quakers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372981647#October–December", "title": "1747", "revid": 1372981647, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Quakers begin the Underground Railroad to smuggle slaves to freedom in Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349954859#Events", "title": "1780 in Canada", "revid": 1349954859, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – Two Quaker delegates petition the United States Congress for the abolition of slavery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361336081#January–March", "title": "1790", "revid": 1361336081, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1825, "year_label": "1825 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Portlaw in County Waterford is established as a model village by the Malcomson family, Quaker cotton mill owners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247384993#Events", "title": "1825 in Ireland", "revid": 1247384993, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The Quaker magazine The Friend is first published in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#January–March", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1845, "year_label": "1845 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Bessbrook in County Armagh is established as a model village by Quaker linen manufacturer John Grubb Richardson.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322330889#Events", "title": "1845 in Ireland", "revid": 1322330889, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1847, "year_label": "1847 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Ongoing – Great Famine. This summer's potato crop is free from blight, but inadequate due to small area sown. The British Relief Association is founded and raises money throughout England, the United States and Australia, with the help of the \"Queen's Letters\", two letters from Queen Victoria appealing for money to relieve the distress in Ireland. A group of Native American Choctaw is among those contributing to the relief effort. The Central Relief Committee of the Society of Friends (Quakers) also assists, but there are claims of \"Souperism\" (the provision of food in combination with proselytization) by other Protestant sectarian groups.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360407146#Events", "title": "1847 in Ireland", "revid": 1360407146, "section": "Events"}}]}