{"slug": "qin-state", "label": "Qin (state)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_%28state%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34756", "qid": "Q34756", "description": "Chinese state from the 9th century BC to 207 BC", "entries": 77, "years": 70, "span": [-697, -206], "span_label": ["698 BCE", "207 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 48}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 14}, {"title": "Births", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["State of Qin"], "related": [{"slug": "wei-state", "label": "Wei (state)", "shared": 16}, {"slug": "zhao-state", "label": "Zhao (state)", "shared": 13}, {"slug": "bai-qi", "label": "Bai Qi", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "han-warring-states", "label": "Han (Warring States)", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "chu-state", "label": "Chu (State)", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "qin-shi-huang", "label": "Qin Shi Huang", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "zhou-dynasty", "label": "Zhou dynasty", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "wang-jian-qin", "label": "Wang Jian (Qin)", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "warring-states-period", "label": "Warring States period", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "lu-buwei", "label": "Lü Buwei", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "yan-state", "label": "Yan (state)", "shared": 4}], "items": [{"year": -697, "year_label": "698 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "698 BC—Death of Chuzi I, ruler of the state of Qin", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292140577#Events_and_trends", "title": "690s BC", "revid": 1292140577, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -626, "year_label": "627 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Xiao, between the states of Jin and Qin in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510220#Events", "title": "627 BC", "revid": 1370510220, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -620, "year_label": "621 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Duke Mu of Qin, ruler of Qin (state)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510349#Deaths", "title": "621 BC", "revid": 1370510349, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -603, "year_label": "604 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Duke Gong of Qin, ruler of the Chinese state of Qin", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510232#Deaths", "title": "604 BC", "revid": 1370510232, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -557, "year_label": "558 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Chinese state of Jin defeats its rival state of Qin in battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372781892#Events", "title": "558 BC", "revid": 1372781892, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -536, "year_label": "537 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Duke Jing of Qin, ruler of the Chinese state of Qin from 576 to 537 BC", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1012946792#Deaths", "title": "537 BC", "revid": 1012946792, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -500, "year_label": "501 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Duke Ai of Qin, ruler of the State of Qin from 537 to 501 BC", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322276305#Deaths", "title": "501 BC", "revid": 1322276305, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -476, "year_label": "477 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Duke Dao of Qin, ruler of the state of Qin", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129381#Deaths", "title": "477 BC", "revid": 1350129381, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -380, "year_label": "381 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Duke Xiao of Qin, Chinese ruler of the Qin state. (died in 338 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1284745980#Births", "title": "381 BC", "revid": 1284745980, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -361, "year_label": "362 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The states of Qin, Han and Zhao defeat the state of Wei and Qin captures the prince of Wei. The Battle of Shaoliang is then fought between Qin and Wei, which Wei loses, whereupon Qin captures the prime minister of Wei.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367114722#China", "title": "362 BC", "revid": 1367114722, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -361, "year_label": "362 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Duke Xian of Qin, ruler of the Zhou dynasty state of Qin", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367114722#Deaths", "title": "362 BC", "revid": 1367114722, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -355, "year_label": "356 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "With his reforms initiated in this year, the Chinese prime minister Shang Yang starts to transform the once marginal and frontier State of Qin to become the most dominant military force amongst the Warring States of China by the 3rd century BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343819365#China", "title": "356 BC", "revid": 1343819365, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -337, "year_label": "338 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Shang Yang, Chinese statesman of Qin (b. 390 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172728#Deaths", "title": "338 BC", "revid": 1354172728, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -324, "year_label": "325 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Going against his loyalty to the figurehead monarch of the Zhou dynasty, the Qin ruler, Duke Huiwen, takes on the title of King Huiwen, claiming royal title and sparking a trend amongst other Warring States rulers to do the same.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372590647#China", "title": "325 BC", "revid": 1372590647, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -324, "year_label": "325 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Zhaoxiang of Qin, Chinese king of the Qin State (d. 250 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372590647#Births", "title": "325 BC", "revid": 1372590647, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -317, "year_label": "318 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The state of Qin moves into the Sichuan basin, giving them control of that great food-producing plain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370481410#China", "title": "318 BC", "revid": 1370481410, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -315, "year_label": "316 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Hui of Qin decides, on the advice of General Sima Cuo, to invade and annex the ancient states of Ba and Shu in Sichuan, in order to increase Qin's agricultural output and obtain a strategic platform from which to defeat the state of Chu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1007737454#China", "title": "316 BC", "revid": 1007737454, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Soon after the State of Qin has conquered the State of Shu (in modern-day Sichuan province), they employ the Shu engineer Bi Ling to create the Guanxian irrigation system, which will eventually provide for over five million people in an area of 40 to 50 sq mi, still in use today.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#China", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhang Yi, strategist of the Chinese state of Qin", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Deaths", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -302, "year_label": "303 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Xiaowen of Qin, 34th Ruler of Qin (d. 251 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172932#Births", "title": "303 BC", "revid": 1354172932, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -301, "year_label": "302 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Xiaowen of Qin, Chinese king of the Qin State (d. 250 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372589595#Births", "title": "302 BC", "revid": 1372589595, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -298, "year_label": "299 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The State of Qin annexes eight cities of the state of Chu. Chu then sends an envoy to ask the King of Huai to go to Qin to negotiate peace. Qu Yuan risks his life to go up to the court to persuade the King of Huai not to go to the negotiation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1158554016#China", "title": "299 BC", "revid": 1158554016, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -297, "year_label": "298 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Huai of Chu visits the State of Qin to negotiate peace but is detained.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129361#China", "title": "298 BC", "revid": 1350129361, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -293, "year_label": "294 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin launches a surprise attack on the State of Han and captures the city of Xincheng.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129455#China", "title": "294 BC", "revid": 1350129455, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -292, "year_label": "293 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The State of Qin, led by commander Bai Qi, wins a decisive victory over the States of Wei and Han in the Battle of Yique. He then captures territories in Han before invading and capturing further territories in Wei.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129456#China", "title": "293 BC", "revid": 1350129456, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -291, "year_label": "292 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin defeats the State of Wei in a major battle and captures cities in Wei. Wei cedes control of 61 towns and cities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367905067#China", "title": "292 BC", "revid": 1367905067, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -290, "year_label": "291 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Generals Sima Cuo and Bai Qi of the State of Qin attack the State of Wei and capture the city of Yuan. Next, Sima Cuo captures the cities of Zhi and Deng.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1115795236#China", "title": "291 BC", "revid": 1115795236, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -290, "year_label": "291 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Lü Buwei, Chinese politician and chancellor of the Qin State (d. 235 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1115795236#Births", "title": "291 BC", "revid": 1115795236, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -289, "year_label": "290 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The city of Yuan is returned by the State of Qin to the State of Wei in exchange for the cities of Puban and Pishi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267837905#China", "title": "290 BC", "revid": 1267837905, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -288, "year_label": "289 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Sima Cuo of the State of Qin attacks the State of Wei, recaptures the city of Yuan and captures the cities of Heyong and Jueqiao.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1263946932#China", "title": "289 BC", "revid": 1263946932, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -285, "year_label": "286 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Sima Cuo of the State of Qin attacks the Henei area of the State of Wei. Wei responds by handing over the major city of Anyi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1156902149#China", "title": "286 BC", "revid": 1156902149, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -284, "year_label": "285 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The success of Qi has frightened the other states. Under the leadership of Lord Mengchang, who has been exiled in Wei, Qin, Zhao, Han and Yan form an alliance. Yan had normally been a relatively weak ally of Qi and Qi feared little from this quarter. Yan's onslaught under general Yue Yi comes as a devastating surprise. Simultaneously, the other allies attack from the west. Chu declares itself an ally of Qi but contents itself with annexing some territory to its north. Qi's armies are destroyed while the territory of Qi is reduced to the two cities of Ju and Jimo. King Min himself is later captured and executed by his own followers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370920977#China", "title": "285 BC", "revid": 1370920977, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -280, "year_label": "281 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Zhuangxiang of Qin, Chinese king of the Qin State (d. 247 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366700718#Births", "title": "281 BC", "revid": 1366700718, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -279, "year_label": "280 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Sima Cuo of the State of Qin attacks the State of Chu, conquering the western region of Qianzhong by marching through the region of Bashu. This conquest makes it easier for future Qin armies to invade Chu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338748993#China", "title": "280 BC", "revid": 1338748993, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -278, "year_label": "279 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin attacks the State of Chu and captures the cities of Yan and Deng.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1226777989#China", "title": "279 BC", "revid": 1226777989, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -277, "year_label": "278 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The heartland of the State of Chu in the modern Hubei province is overrun by the powerful state of Qin from the west under Bai Qi's leadership. Sailing down the Han river from Bashu, Bai Qi captures Ying - the capital of Chu - as well as Yiling, and his army reaches as far as Jingling. Bai Qi is honoured as Lord Wu'an (武安君; literally: Lord of Martial Peace). The Chu government moves to the east, occupying various temporary capitals until settling in Shouchun in 241 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129454#China", "title": "278 BC", "revid": 1350129454, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -275, "year_label": "276 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin attacks the State of Wei and captures two cities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1256257267#China", "title": "276 BC", "revid": 1256257267, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -274, "year_label": "275 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin brings order to the rebellious provinces of Wu and Qianzhong, which had been formed from the territories conquered from the State of Chu between 280 and 278 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1164823364#China", "title": "275 BC", "revid": 1164823364, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -272, "year_label": "273 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin attacks the State of Wei and State of Zhou. He captures the city of Huyang and wins three battles, defeating the army of the Zhao general Jia Yan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1227001457#China", "title": "273 BC", "revid": 1227001457, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -263, "year_label": "264 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin attacks the State of Han and captures the city of Jing, defeating its large garrison. He then captures various other towns and cities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948843#China", "title": "264 BC", "revid": 1325948843, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -262, "year_label": "263 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin captures the Han province of Nan, thereby cutting off Shangdang Commandery from the rest of the Han state. This commandery subsequently surrenders itself to the State of Zhao rather than transfer to Qin control, which will set up the climactic Battle of Changping in 260 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948852#China", "title": "263 BC", "revid": 1325948852, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -261, "year_label": "262 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the surrender of the Shangdang Commandery, formerly of Han, to the State of Zhao, fighting between Zhao and the State of Qin begins in the area of Changping.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948866#China", "title": "262 BC", "revid": 1325948866, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -260, "year_label": "261 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The armies of the State of Qin and State of Zhao contest control of the area around Changping. After suffering defeats to general Wang He of Qin and the superior Qin army, general Lian Po of Zhao refuses to give battle, resulting in a stalemate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278727971#China", "title": "261 BC", "revid": 1278727971, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -259, "year_label": "260 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Zheng, who will later become king of the State of Qin, and then later the First Emperor of China (d. 210 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948890#Births", "title": "260 BC", "revid": 1325948890, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -258, "year_label": "259 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The State of Zhou cedes to the State of Qin the Han region of Yuanyong and six cities of Zhao in exchange for peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1073120545#China", "title": "259 BC", "revid": 1073120545, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -257, "year_label": "258 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The State of Qin besieges Handan, the capital of the State of Zhou, but the Qin army under Wang Ling sustains heavy casualties. Wang Ling is then replaced by Wang He.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1128147349#China", "title": "258 BC", "revid": 1128147349, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -256, "year_label": "257 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bai Qi, Chinese general of the Qin State (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1128152509#Deaths", "title": "257 BC", "revid": 1128152509, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -255, "year_label": "256 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Luoyang falls without much resistance to the armies of the Qin, ending the reign of the emperor Zhou Nan Wang. Although a successor was appointed as Dong Zhou Hui Wang, traditionally in Chinese history this is considered the end of the Zhou dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1232457970#China", "title": "256 BC", "revid": 1232457970, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -249, "year_label": "250 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Zichu becomes the king of Qin, with Lü Buwei his Prime Minister.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278897656#China", "title": "250 BC", "revid": 1278897656, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -249, "year_label": "250 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xiaowen of Qin, Chinese king of the Qin State (b. 302 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278897656#Deaths", "title": "250 BC", "revid": 1278897656, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -248, "year_label": "249 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The last remnants of the Zhou dynasty, having rebelled against the State of Qin, are defeated by Prime Minister Lü Buwei.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1170050277#China", "title": "249 BC", "revid": 1170050277, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -247, "year_label": "248 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin general Meng Ao captures the Wei cities of Gaodu and Ji.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267837859#China", "title": "248 BC", "revid": 1267837859, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -246, "year_label": "247 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Wang He of the State of Qin takes the city of Shangdang from the State of Zhao and establishes Taiyuan Commandery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1297567119#China", "title": "247 BC", "revid": 1297567119, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -246, "year_label": "247 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhuangxiang of Qin, Chinese king of the Qin State (b. 281 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1297567119#Deaths", "title": "247 BC", "revid": 1297567119, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -244, "year_label": "245 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin general Pao Gong captures the Wei city of Juan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172724#China", "title": "245 BC", "revid": 1354172724, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -243, "year_label": "244 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin general Meng Ao annexes 13 cities from the State of Han.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370482239#China", "title": "244 BC", "revid": 1370482239, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -242, "year_label": "243 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin general Meng Ao sacks the Wei cities of Shizhang and Yougui.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172722#China", "title": "243 BC", "revid": 1354172722, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -241, "year_label": "242 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin general Meng Ao annexes 20 towns and cities from the State of Wei, conquering the cities of Suanzao, Yan, Xu, Changping, Yongqiu and Shanyang. He then establishes the Dongjun Commandery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210520734#China", "title": "242 BC", "revid": 1210520734, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -240, "year_label": "241 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Five of the seven major warring states: Chu, Zhao, Wei, Yan, and Han, form an alliance to fight the rising power of Qin. King Kaolie of Chu is named the leader of the alliance, and Lord Chunshen the military commander, with Pang Nuan of Zhao also serving as a general. The coalition penetrates as far as the Qin town of Zui, west of the strategic Hangu Pass and in the Qin heartland of Guanzhong, but they are defeated. Afterwards, Chu moves its capital east to Shouchun, further away from the threat of Qin. Qin counterattacks, sacking the Wei city of Chaoge.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304843215#China", "title": "241 BC", "revid": 1304843215, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -239, "year_label": "240 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The Qin general Meng Ao takes the Zhao cities of Long, Hu and Qingdu but then dies en route to the Wei city of Ji. This is then captured by Meng Ao's son Meng Wu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1191165485#China", "title": "240 BC", "revid": 1191165485, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -238, "year_label": "239 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cheng Jiao, the half-brother of Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, is sent to attack the State of Zhao, but he attempts to usurp power and is defeated and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1212004865#China", "title": "239 BC", "revid": 1212004865, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -237, "year_label": "238 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Ying Zheng, having reached adulthood, celebrates his capping ceremony as the king of Qin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342094383#China", "title": "238 BC", "revid": 1342094383, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -236, "year_label": "237 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Lü Buwei is deposed as the Prime Minister of Qin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332615643#China", "title": "237 BC", "revid": 1332615643, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -235, "year_label": "236 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Ying Zheng of the State of Qin begins a series of campaigns against the State of Zhao that will end with Zhao's conquest in 228 BC. The Qin generals Huan Yi Yang Duan He and Wang Jian seize nine cities in the Yecheng region.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368088891#China", "title": "236 BC", "revid": 1368088891, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -233, "year_label": "234 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin general Huan Yi wins a major victory over the Zhao general Hu Zhe in the Battle of Pingyang, and captures Pingyang and Wucheng.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1218450136#China", "title": "234 BC", "revid": 1218450136, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -232, "year_label": "233 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Zhao general Li Mu defeats the Qin army, led by Huan Yi, in the Battle of Fei.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1251978680#China", "title": "233 BC", "revid": 1251978680, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -231, "year_label": "232 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The king of Qin, Ying Zheng, invites Prince Han Fei, a legalist philosopher and member of the Han royal family, to the Qin court. However, at the instigation of Li Si, he then has him imprisoned and executed as a threat to the state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319908071#China", "title": "232 BC", "revid": 1319908071, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -227, "year_label": "228 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The State of Qin, its armies led by Wang Jian, completes the conquest of the State of Zhao.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326026286#China", "title": "228 BC", "revid": 1326026286, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -226, "year_label": "227 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin generals Wang Jian, Li Xin and Wang Ben invade the State of Yan in vengeance for an assassination attempt against the king of Qin, Ying Zheng, that had been organized by Crown Prince Dan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288758207#China", "title": "227 BC", "revid": 1288758207, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -226, "year_label": "227 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Huan Yi, Chinese general of the Qin State (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288758207#Deaths", "title": "227 BC", "revid": 1288758207, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -225, "year_label": "226 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin generals Wang Jian, Li Xin and Wang Ben conquer western Yan and its capital Ji. To secure peace, king Xi of Yan executes his son Crown Prince Dan, who is wanted for the attempted assassination of the king of Qin, Ying Zheng.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360927548#China", "title": "226 BC", "revid": 1360927548, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -223, "year_label": "224 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Qin begins the invasion of Chu. Initially, the Qin generals Li Xin and Meng Tian capture several cities and defeat the Chu army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172702#China", "title": "224 BC", "revid": 1354172702, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -222, "year_label": "223 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin generals Wang Jian and Meng Wu defeat the Chu general Xiang Yan and the king of Chu, Lord Changping. Lord Changping is killed, and Xiang Yan commits suicide soon afterwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243366265#China", "title": "223 BC", "revid": 1243366265, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -221, "year_label": "222 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin general Wang Jian conquers Wuyue, forcing the capitulation of its ruler. The conquered region becomes the province of Kuaiji. This campaign completes the subjugation of the lands formerly held by the State of Chu, and it also serves as a precursor for the Qin campaign against the Yue tribes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295080485#China", "title": "222 BC", "revid": 1295080485, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -220, "year_label": "221 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The state of Qi – by now the only other independent state in China –, is invaded by the Qin generals Wang Ben, Li Xin and Meng Tian and surrenders after offering minimal resistance. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin unifies China and proclaims himself the First Emperor, as he is the first Chinese sovereign able to rule the whole country, thus ending the Warring States period. He is known by historians as Qin Shi Huang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246108993#China", "title": "221 BC", "revid": 1246108993, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -213, "year_label": "214 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin armies under Meng Tian campaign against the Xiongnu and other northern peoples and expand their territories along the north basin of the Yellow River. They subjugate the Luliang region, drive back the Xiongnu tribes to the northwest of the Ordos Plateau, and seize Gaoque, Mt. Tao and Beijia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637807#China", "title": "214 BC", "revid": 1325637807, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -206, "year_label": "207 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Chu rebel Xiang Yu defeats the Qin general Zhang Han in the Battle of Julu and becomes the leader of the rebellion against the Qin dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018864#China", "title": "207 BC", "revid": 1213018864, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}]}