{"slug": "qin-shi-huang", "label": "Qin Shi Huang", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7192", "qid": "Q7192", "description": "first emperor of Qin Dynasty", "entries": 21, "years": 18, "span": [-259, 1974], "span_label": ["260 BCE", "1974 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["First Emperor", "Shihuangdi", "Ying Zheng"], "related": [{"slug": "qin-state", "label": "Qin (state)", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "li-si", "label": "Li Si", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "wang-jian-qin", "label": "Wang Jian (Qin)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "qin-dynasty", "label": "Qin dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "meng-tian", "label": "Meng Tian", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "zhao-state", "label": "Zhao (state)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "yan-state", "label": "Yan (state)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lu-buwei", "label": "Lü Buwei", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "warring-states-period", "label": "Warring States period", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "great-wall-of-china", "label": "Great Wall of China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vietnam", "label": "Vietnam", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -259, "year_label": "260 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Zheng, who will later become king of the State of Qin, and then later the First Emperor of China (d. 210 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948890#Births", "title": "260 BC", "revid": 1325948890, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -258, "year_label": "259 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Qin Shi Huang, first emperor of China (d. 210 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1073120545#Births", "title": "259 BC", "revid": 1073120545, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -246, "year_label": "247 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The 13-year-old Ying Zheng, later called Qin Shi Huang, succeeds his father Zhuangxiang of Qin (Zichu) on the throne. Prime Minister Lü Buwei becomes the regent of the king.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1297567119#China", "title": "247 BC", "revid": 1297567119, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -238, "year_label": "239 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cheng Jiao, the half-brother of Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, is sent to attack the State of Zhao, but he attempts to usurp power and is defeated and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1212004865#China", "title": "239 BC", "revid": 1212004865, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -237, "year_label": "238 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Ying Zheng, having reached adulthood, celebrates his capping ceremony as the king of Qin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342094383#China", "title": "238 BC", "revid": 1342094383, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -235, "year_label": "236 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Ying Zheng of the State of Qin begins a series of campaigns against the State of Zhao that will end with Zhao's conquest in 228 BC. The Qin generals Huan Yi Yang Duan He and Wang Jian seize nine cities in the Yecheng region.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368088891#China", "title": "236 BC", "revid": 1368088891, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -234, "year_label": "235 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The exile Lü Buwei, facing the suspicion of Ying Zheng, commits suicide.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342603103#China", "title": "235 BC", "revid": 1342603103, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -231, "year_label": "232 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The king of Qin, Ying Zheng, invites Prince Han Fei, a legalist philosopher and member of the Han royal family, to the Qin court. However, at the instigation of Li Si, he then has him imprisoned and executed as a threat to the state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319908071#China", "title": "232 BC", "revid": 1319908071, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -226, "year_label": "227 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin generals Wang Jian, Li Xin and Wang Ben invade the State of Yan in vengeance for an assassination attempt against the king of Qin, Ying Zheng, that had been organized by Crown Prince Dan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288758207#China", "title": "227 BC", "revid": 1288758207, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -225, "year_label": "226 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin generals Wang Jian, Li Xin and Wang Ben conquer western Yan and its capital Ji. To secure peace, king Xi of Yan executes his son Crown Prince Dan, who is wanted for the attempted assassination of the king of Qin, Ying Zheng.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360927548#China", "title": "226 BC", "revid": 1360927548, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -220, "year_label": "221 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The state of Qi – by now the only other independent state in China –, is invaded by the Qin generals Wang Ben, Li Xin and Meng Tian and surrenders after offering minimal resistance. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin unifies China and proclaims himself the First Emperor, as he is the first Chinese sovereign able to rule the whole country, thus ending the Warring States period. He is known by historians as Qin Shi Huang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246108993#China", "title": "221 BC", "revid": 1246108993, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -219, "year_label": "220 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Qin Shi Huang begins a system of tree-lined roads to interconnect all parts of China, and begins to join regional walls to form the beginnings of the Great Wall (Wan li chang cheng).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598324#China", "title": "220 BC", "revid": 1360598324, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -218, "year_label": "219 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Qin Shi Huang orders his generals to capture present-day Guangdong and Guangxi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325717539#China", "title": "219 BC", "revid": 1325717539, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -214, "year_label": "215 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Qin Shi Huang orders the construction of his mausoleum to begin(source?), including the famous Terracotta Army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337286145#China", "title": "215 BC", "revid": 1337286145, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -213, "year_label": "214 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Qin Shi Huang orders general Ren Xiao (任囂), commanding 200,000 troops, to conquer the kingdoms in present-day northern Vietnam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637807#China", "title": "214 BC", "revid": 1325637807, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -213, "year_label": "214 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Qin Shi Huang orders the construction of Lingqu, the oldest contour canal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637807#China", "title": "214 BC", "revid": 1325637807, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -212, "year_label": "213 BCE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Qin Shi Huang and Prime Minister Li Si order all Confucian writings destroyed in the burning of books and burying of scholars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698514#China", "title": "213 BC", "revid": 1352698514, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -209, "year_label": "210 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Terracotta Army in the mausoleum of Emperor Shihuangdi, Lintong, Shaanxi, is made (Qin dynasty) (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1254970145#China", "title": "210 BC", "revid": 1254970145, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -209, "year_label": "210 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Qin Er Shi becomes Emperor of the Qin dynasty of China. His advisors Zhao Gao and Prime Minister Li Si forge a decree by the late Emperor Qin Shi Huang that orders the execution of Qin Er Shi's elder brother Fusu and Fusu's ally, the general Meng Tian.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1254970145#China", "title": "210 BC", "revid": 1254970145, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -209, "year_label": "210 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Qin Shi Huang, first emperor of China (b. 259 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1254970145#Deaths", "title": "210 BC", "revid": 1254970145, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1974, "year_label": "1974 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – The Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang is discovered at Xi'an, China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372602919#March–April", "title": "1974", "revid": 1372602919, "section": "Events › March–April"}}]}