{"slug": "qara-qoyunlu", "label": "Qara Qoyunlu", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324470", "qid": "Q324470", "description": "Persianate Muslim Turkoman monarchy (1374–1468)", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [1379, 1467], "span_label": ["1379 CE", "1467 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Kara Koyunlu"], "related": [{"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "baghdad", "label": "Baghdad", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "azerbaijan", "label": "Azerbaijan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tabriz", "label": "Tabriz", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "timur", "label": "Timur", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bayezid-i", "label": "Bayezid I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jalayirid-sultanate", "label": "Jalayirid Sultanate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "aq-qoyunlu", "label": "Aq Qoyunlu", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1379, "year_label": "1379 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Bairam Khawaja establishes the independent principality of the Kara Koyunlu (Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire), in modern-day Armenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368794716#Date_unknown", "title": "1379", "revid": 1368794716, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1384, "year_label": "1384 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Qara Muhammad succeeds Bairam Khawaja, as ruler of the Kara Koyunlu (\"Black Sheep Turkomans\"), in modern-day Armenia and northern Iraq.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369176313#Unknown_Date", "title": "1384", "revid": 1369176313, "section": "Events › Unknown Date"}}, {"year": 1400, "year_label": "1400 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Timur conquers the Empire of The Black Sheep Turkomans, in present-day Azerbaijan, and the Jalayirid dynasty in present-day Iraq. Black Sheep ruler Qara Yusuf and Jalayirid Sultan Ahmad flee, and take refuge with the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369029011#Date_unknown", "title": "1400", "revid": 1369029011, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1412, "year_label": "1412 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – Battle of Chalagan: The Kara Koyunlu Turkomans defeat the Georgians under Constantine I of Georgia, and their ally Ibrahim I of Shirvan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357537157#October–December", "title": "1412", "revid": 1357537157, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1421, "year_label": "1421 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – At Erciş in what is now Turkey, Iskandar ibn Yusuf is crowned as the Sultan of Qara Qoyunlu, a kingdom encompassing what are now eastern Turkey, northwestern Iran and northern Iraq, northern Armenia and all of Azerbaijan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365656442#July–September", "title": "1421", "revid": 1365656442, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1433, "year_label": "1433 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – Ispend bin Yusuf deposes Shah Muhammad of Qara Qoyunlu as Governor of Baghdad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320602#April–June", "title": "1433", "revid": 1351320602, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1445, "year_label": "1445 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – The Amir Isfahan of Baghdad (born Ispend bin Yusuf) dies after a reign of 12 years and is succeeded by Fulad Mirza. The ruler of the adjacent Qara Qoyunlu Empire, Jahan Shah, then mobilizes an army at Tabriz to invade and take control of Baghdad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372937#January–March", "title": "1445", "revid": 1370372937, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1446, "year_label": "1446 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – After a siege of seven months, Baghdad is captured by the Sultan Jahan Shah of Qara Qoyunlu, whose forces move into what is now Iraq.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360566332#April–June", "title": "1446", "revid": 1360566332, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1466, "year_label": "1466 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – Jahan Shah, Sultan of the Empire of Qara Qoyunlu that comprises most of what is now Iran, and parts of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey and Iraq, begins an attempt to reclaim imperial territories from his younger brother, Uzun Hasan, and sets off from Tabriz with a large army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340205441#April–June", "title": "1466", "revid": 1340205441, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1467, "year_label": "1467 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – At the Battle of Chapakchur, in what is now the Bingöl Province of Turkey, the tribal confederation of Aq Qoyunlu, with 12,000 cavalry and infantry led by Uzun Hasan, makes a surprise attack against 6,000 troops of the Qara Qoyunlu nation, commanded by the Sultan Jahan Shah. The Sultan is decapitated in the battle while trying to flee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890331#October–December", "title": "1467", "revid": 1352890331, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}